This research aims to reveal the doxa generated by the Jakarta Arts Council (DKJ) and its role as the institution with the legitimacy to build cultural construction, especially in the field of literature. This study uses the theory of genetic structuralism or also known as constructivist structuralism by Pierre Felix Bourdieu. This theory departs from the basic concept of the habitus and the arena, agency and structure as the principles that gave birth and developed the habits, producing habitus as well as perspectives. The results shows that the habitus and the perspective place the Jakarta Arts Council as doxa and as a guidelines for cultural practices in art programs, which is rooted on the structure of culture that is constructed through symbolic violence toward the involved agents and is socialized in the field of culture through similarly of symbolic violence.
Lyotard (1984) berpendapat bahwa dalam ideologi selalu ada pemaksaan pengetahuan, ter--masuk hukum dan aturan terhadap pi--hak yang memiliki latar belakang yang berbeda. Setiap ideologi dan pikiran hi--dup berkontestasi, bertarung, dan ber--tanding satu sama lain dalam dunia ke--beragaman (hlm. 163).
This research was based on the powerful function of the aesthetics in the society. Novel as an art work also functioned as an arena in which ideologies contest and negotiate. The research intended to show a mechanism underlining novel to have a significant hegemonic role. The material object was taken from Islamic popular novel namely “Ketika Mas Gagah Pergi dan Kembali”. The formal object was the negotiation of ideology which focused on the contact between intellectual and subaltern leading to the formation of a new compromised cultural practice. By applying the theory of hegemony in discussing the contestation and negotiation of ideologies in the novel, it is found that the contestation and negotiation between hegemonic and subaltern ideology lead to the occurrence of a compromise between the interest of the intellectual and the subaltern. The interest of the subaltern is based on the nostalgia of the past and fear or uncertain condition of future which lay in the domain of imagination that structures the novel.
Nowadays magical Realism is the most popular literary genre in the world. This genre has strong influences in literature as well as fine art and film. It is for this reason that people competence in working with this genre is very important for developing Indonesian creative industry. Therefore, Magister Program for Literary Studies Faculty of Cultural Sciences Gadjah Mada University necessities to have a workshop program for investing people writing capability in this kind of genre. Target subject for the program is Darussalam Literary Community whose activities located in Islamic Boarding House (Pesantren) Darussalam, Ciamis, West Java. By using theory of Magical Realism and participatory method in three days intensive course the program found that the member of community involved in the course had strong potential capacity in literary writing. Although the first step of the program focused in training for writing in realistic literary work, there was a surprising phenomenon indicated the participant capability in writing magical realist work as well. -----------AbstrakRealisme magis merupakan genre sastra yang saat ini paling populer di dunia. Paham ini tidak hanya berpengaruh di bidang seni sastra, tetapi juga seni rupa, film, dan sebagainya. Oleh karena itu, kemampuan untuk menulis karya sastra dengan genre ini sangat penting bagi industri kreatif. Dengan alasan inilah, Program Magister Ilmu Sastra, Fakultas Ilmu Budaya UGM menganggap perlu untuk mengadakan pelatihan penulisan sastra realisme magis ini bagi masyarakat. Yang dipilih sebagai kelompok sosial sasaran adalah Komunitas Sastra Darussalam yang berlokasi di Pesantren Darussalam Ciamis. Tahap pertama program ini adalah pelatihan dasar penulisan sastra dengan genre realisme yang juga menjadi dasar dari realisme magis. Program itu dilaksanakan secara intensif selama tiga hari dengan menggunakan teori realisme magis sebagai kerangka konseptualnya dan gabungan antara ceramah, diskusi, latihan, dan partisipasi sebagai metodenya. Hasil kegiatan tersebut membuktikan bahwa peserta pelatihan yang berjumlah 15 orang mempunyai kepekaan terhadap persoalan-persoalan empiris yang ada di lingkungan pesantren dan mempunyai kemampuan dalam penulisan latar, tokoh, serta alur cerita. Meskipun program pada tahap ini difokuskan pada penulisan karya sastra yang realistis, peserta sudah memperlihatkan potensi dalam penulisan realisme magis.
The purpose of the article is to explore the evolution of French literature between the late 19th century and early 21st century. Although French literature has long been dominated by rationalistic ways of thinking, based on the thoughts of René Descartes and John Locke, authors have used different means to express their perceptions of society. The novel Madame Bovary (1856), including its depiction of conjugal relationships, can be considered to have pioneered realism in French literature. During the Second World War, existentialism and absurdism appeared as new ways of examining not only the relationship among humans, but also between humans and God. In the late 20th century, magical realism emerged as a new literary stream that explicitly recognized the irrationality of human thinking. This article finds that the rationality of realism was necessary for magical realism to be accepted; in this rationality, although works of magical realism were irrational, they had to be recognized as fine examples of French literature that embodied such revolutionary ideas as liberté (liberty), égalité (equality), and fraternité (fraternity). To study this phenomenon, we examine the history of french literature by applying archeological method in order to understand the world views of the authors and how they change over time.
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