BackgroundThe effect of tranexamic acid (TXA) on bleeding and improvement of surgical field during functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) is not clear yet. This study was conducted to answer this question.MethodsThis trial was conducted on 60 patients with chronic sinusitis at Beasat Hospital, Hamadan, Iran, from April to November 2013. Thirty patients in the intervention group received three pledgets soaked with TXA 5% and phenylephrine 0.5% for 10 minutes in each nasal cavity before surgery. Thirty patients in the control group received phenylephrine 0.5% with the same way. The amount of bleeding and the quality of surgical field were evaluated at 15, 30, and 45 minutes after the start of surgery using Boezaart grading.ResultsThe quality of the surgical field in the intervention group compared to the control group was significantly better in the first quarter (P = 0.002) and the second quarter (P = 0.003) but not in the third quarter (P = 0.163). Furthermore, the amount of bleeding was much less during all periods in the intervention group than in the control group (P = 0.001).ConclusionTopical TXA can efficiently reduce bleeding and improve the surgical field in FESS in patients with rhinosinusitis. Based on these findings, topical TXA may be a useful method for providing a suitable surgical field during the first 30 minutes after use.Trial RegistrationIranian Registry of Clinical Trials IRCT201212139014N15

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Chronic rhinosinusitis is a common disease which causes persisting inflammatory conditions of one or more sinuses. This study was designed to evaluate the effect of thyme honey nasal spray as an adjunctive medication on chronic rhinosinusitis after functional endoscopic sinus surgery. This was a randomized, placebo controlled, double-blind clinical study. 64 patients with chronic rhinosinusitis undergoing functional endoscopic sinus surgery were enrolled in this study. Patients were randomized and blinded to receive either placebo or thyme honey nasal spray in addition to the standard regimen postoperatively. Patients were visited on postoperative days 7, 30 and 60. The sino-nasal outcome test, endoscopic grading system and sinus CT-scan were scored before operation and on the day 60 after surgery. 54 patients completed the study. Significant improvement was observed in both treatment groups. There were no significant changes in SNOT-22, endoscopy and CT-scan scores between the two study groups. However, a greater reduction in endoscopic scores was shown in thyme honey group. The incidence of adverse effects was not significantly different between the groups, but synechiae formation and epistaxis were lower in treatment group. Thyme honey nasal spray seems to be a low-priced potential adjuvant remedy with excellent safety profile, to reduce inflammation and polyp formation and also fostering mucosal healing for patients suffering from chronic rhinosinusitis. However, further studies are recommended.

Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials registration number: IRCT201403143186N5.

Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials registration number: IRCT201303209014N16.

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Background The reduction, loss, or impaired sense of smell and taste is common in patients with COVID-19. We aimed to investigate olfactory disorders (ODs) in patients with COVID-19 as a prognostic factor. Methods In this systematic review and meta-analysis, studies that assessed ODs in patients with COVID-19 were included. International databases, including PubMed, Embase, MEDLINE, Web of Science, and Scopus, were searched up to 20 March 2021. The random-effects model was used to combine the results of studies. Results were reported with a 95% confidence interval. Results In this study, out of 724 references, ten studies had the inclusion criteria. The odds of death in patients with the OD were 69% lower than in those without the ODs (OR = 0.31, 95% CI: 0.14, 0.69), and OD increased the odds of positive polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test (OR = 13.34, 95% CI: 4.2, 42.37). Conclusions The findings of our study showed that OD had an inverse and significant relationship with death in COVID-19 patients, and the patients with OD seemed to have a lower risk of mortality.