Backround: Glibenclamide is an oral antidiabetic drug which is practically insoluble in water. Formation of β-cyclodextrin inclusion complex was able to increase glibenclamide solubility. Objective: Aims of this study are to characterize, formulate and evaluate inclusion complex tablets of glibenclamide to meet the requirements in Pharmacopeia. Methods: Inclusion complex was prepared in a 1: 1 and 1: 2 molar ratio by spray drying method. Characterization were performed by using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). Further, it was formulated into tablets by direct compression technique using primojel and crospovidone as disintegrants. Uniformity weight, hardness, friability, disintegration, and tablets were evaluated include dissolution. Dissolution studies of inclusion complex were performed by using United States Pharmacopeia (USP) II apparatus. Drug concentration dissolution was determined with high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC). Result: Result of FTIR and SEM provided evidence of glibenclamide and β-cyclodextrin complex formation after using spray drying methods. The tablet evaluation with primojel and crospovidone as disintegrant showed that increase concentration of disintegrant would increase disintegration time of the tablets. All of the formulas meet the requirements in the Pharmacopoeia. Conclusion:The inclusion complex of glibenclamide-β cyclodextrin successfully used for enhancing the solubility of glibenclamide. The tablets meet the requirements in Pharmacopeia.Latar Belakang: Glibenklamid merupakan obat antidiabetes oral yang sukar larut dalam air. Pembentukan komplek inklusi dengan β-siklodekstrin diharapkan mampu meningkatkan kelarutan glibenklamid. Tujuan Penelitian: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkarakterisasi, memformulasi dan mengevaluasi tablet hasil komplek inklusi glibenklamid supaya memenuhi persyaratan Farmakope. Metode: Komplek inklusi dibuat dengan perbandingan rasio molar glibenklamid dan β-siklodekstrin 1 : 1 dan 1 : 2 dengan menggunakan metode spray drying. Hasil komplek inklusi dikarakterisasi meliputi spektroskopi FTIR dan SEM. Selanjutnya kompleks tersebut diformulasi menjadi tablet dengan teknik kempa langsung menggunakan primojel dan crospovidon sebagai disintegran. Tablet yang dihasilkan dievaluasi keseragaman bobot, kekerasan, kerapuhan, waktu hancur dan disolusi. Uji disolusi tablet hasil
The purpose of the present study was to reveal the needs analysis commissioned by the Information Technology Department regarding the non-English teachers' perceptions on the teaching and learning practices of the English language in the department. The study employed an online questionnaire and interview to 23 IT teachers. The questionnaire covered the five categories, namely English Language Teaching at IT Department, Language Skills and Components, Teaching Learning Activities, Teaching Skills, IT related topics should be included and Assessments. It used Likert Scale ranging from 1-4 showing disagree to really agree. In addition, the interview utilized a prompt designed beforehand to get the necessary advice to formulate appropriate English language materials for IT students. The results revealed that the teachers needed a more efficient course design and development covering the design of the course syllabus, the creation of activities and materials, and the evaluation of learner progress. They are expected to provide insights as the basis for the improvement both on the teaching preparation and practices.
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendiskripsikan penerapan permainan monopoli digital untuk meningkatkan minat belajar siswa pada materi operasi hitung bilangan cacah kelas IIIA SD Islam Sabilillah Malang tahun pelajaran 2018/2019. Pendekatan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah pendekatan kualitatif, sedangkan jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian tindakan kelas (PTK). Subjek penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas IIIA SD Islam Sabilillah Malang yang berjumlah 32 siswa. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini antara lain: (1) observasi, (2) catatan lapangan, (3) wawancara, dan (4) tes. Data yang digunakan adalah data kualitatif dan data kuantitatif. Data kualitatif berupa data observasi, hasil wawancara dan hasil catatan lapangan. Sedangkan data kuantitatif berupa hasil tes akhir siklus. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan permainan monopoli digital dapat meningkatkan minat belajar matematika siswa kelas III A di SD Islam Sabilillah Malang. Hal tersebut dapat dilihat dari data penelitian yang menunjukkan bahwa Skor rata-rata angket minat belajar matematika siswa sebelum diberi tindakan hanya sebesar 30,39 dan presentase siswa yang telah mencapai skor minat sedang hanya sebesar 38%, setelah dikenai tindakan pada siklus 2 skor rata-rata angket meningkat menjadi 40,13 dengan presentase 81%, sehingga peningkatannya sebesar 43%; (2) persentase hasil pengamatan aktivitas guru sebesar 77,2% pada siklus I meningkat menjadi 82% pada siklus II dengan peningkatan sebesar 4,8%; (3) persentase hasil pengamatan aktivitas siswa sebesar 78,8% pada siklus I meningkat menjadi 90% pada siklus II dengan peningkatan sebesar 11,2%; (4) Rata-rata nilai tes akhir sebesar 75,16 pada siklus 1 meningkat menjadi 87 pada siklus 2 dan presentase ketuntasan siswa sebesar 55% pada siklus 1 meningkat menjadi 87% pada siklus 2. Rekomendasi untuk penelitian selanjutnya adalah untuk mengembangkan multimedia monopoli digital ini agar lebih interaktif atau skenario permainan yang lebih menarik.
Forecasting the number of new student enrolments at Politeknik Negeri Malang offers the campus a good help to discover new innovations and good marketing strategies. Besides, it can be used as a reference in planning the teaching and learning process. This study used the Single Exponential Smoothing method as a forecasting method. Forecasting accuracy uses Mean Absolute Deviation (MAD), Mean Square Error (MSE), and Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE). Based on the calculation results, the smoothing constant result is α = 0.9 which means it has the smallest error values for the three forecasting accuracy calculation methods.
Currently, Android has been installed on more than 70 percent of the smartphone devices in the world, which has significantly increased the need for Android-based application engineers. Many IT departments in universities and professional schools have included the Android-based programming into the main subjects. To improve Android programming educations, we have developed Android Programming Learning Assistance System (APLAS), a platform to accommodate the students learning Android programming independently. APLAS adopts the test-driven development method to realize automatic validations of students’ answers to the programming assignments. Previously, APLAS has been implemented as a desktop offline application. In this paper, we present a Web application implementation to manage the learning activities online. This implementation consists of three main parts, namely, Validator, Web Interface, and Database System. To evaluate the effectiveness, we offered three learning topics, Basic UI, Basic Activity, and Advanced Widgets, into this Web application, and asked 60 students in Indonesia to solve them. The results showed that the Web application has well been accessed and smoothly utilized by them. The reliability of the validator program was confirmed by handling more than 180 submissions.
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