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Introduction: Although ash has been used for treatment and cleaning among the people since Avicenna, its use for therapeutic purposes is not common in modern medicine. The main ingredient of ash is potassium hydroxide (KOH).Methods: In this paper, the antiviral properties of KOH were studied in vivo and in vitro conditions in mucolytic, alkaline and enveloped viruses that cause respiratory tract disease. For this purpose, a 6-stage study was planned. The physicochemical properties of the highest dose of KOH, whose caustic properties are well known, that can be used orally in humans, and the changes in the structure of mucus were investigated. Then, interactions of KOH with the membrane phospholipid bilayer complex, mucin 5AC, corona viruses spike glycoprotein, TMPRSS2 and human ACE2 (hACE2) receptors, and neuraminidase active site in influenza virus were investigated in silico, and the toxicity and beneficial properties of KOH in cells, both in vitro and in vivo, were evaluated.Results: It has been shown that at the applied doses, KOH has a mucolytic effect and increases the pH of the environment in mucus. It has been shown to prolong life span in cell culture and have no toxicity, and in the in silico study it binds to the hydrophilic part of the cell membrane, corona virus spike glycoprotein, TMPRSS2 hACE2 receptor and neuraminidase active site in influenza virus. Oral use of KOH in the form of a spray in mice had no toxic effects on the mucosa and the inhaler application has a mucolytic effect by decreasing the viscosity of mucus in the respiratory tract.Conclusion: In light of these findings, KOH can be mucolytic, alkaline, and antiviral for enveloped viruses in the respiratory tract.

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Purpose The purpose of this study is to investigate the performance of eight perylene diimide pigments as a hypothetical building facades using EnergyPlus. Design/methodology/approach A hypothetical building located in Tehran is modeled using EnergyPlus, and the effectiveness of the pigments was examined. Furthermore, the performance of the pigments was compared with those of common commercial black (carbon black) and red (iron oxide) pigments. Findings The results show that the studied black pigments reduce the cooling energy demand up to 37 per cent in comparison with carbon black paint and the red ones, which reduce the value by as much as 32 per cent in comparison to iron oxide. Originality/value This study demonstrates that the application of cool paints rather than common paints will significantly reduce the cooling energy demand and subsequent costs.

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Yogurt has been one of the leading consumption products of fermented milk products for centuries and has many positive effects in terms of human health. However, yogurt consumption is sometimes a problem for individuals with lactose intolerance. It is known that activated carbon ensures the removal of heavy metals from the body by adsorbing, and slows down the growth of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. In this study, the effects of activated carbon on the formation of yogurt were investigated. In this study, before investigating the effects of activated carbon on milk fermentation, its physical properties were determined by electron microscopy. Lactose and calcium interactions were determined in silico studies of activated carbon on yogurt. Yogurt with added activated carbon was created and protein, fat, lactic acid, pH, calcium, sensory analyzes, and microbiological parameters were determined in groups on different days. In the study, it was determined that the use of activated carbon during milk fermentation did not impair the physical, chemical, sensory and microbiological structural properties of yogurt.