Background: Currently, the world is in a challenging situation due to Covid-19. The ministry of health in Pakistan reported the first case of Covid-19 on 26th February 2020 in Karachi whereas on the same day in Islamabad, the second case was confirmed in Pakistan. Objective: To assess the prevalence and risk factors of covid-19 mortality and its impact on social life of Pakistani population Methodology: This retrospective study was carried out at the Department of Pathology, Gomal Medical College, Medical Teaching Institute, Dera Ismail Khan, Pakistan for a period of ten months from March 2021 to December 2021. All the data was taken from the hospital record to determine the prevalence and risk factors associated with the mortality of covid-19. For determining the influence of covid-19 on the social life, online survey was conducted. Data was entered and analyzed by using SPSS version 24. Results: In the current study, the overall prevalence of covid-19 was 6%. The most common risk factors associated with the covid-19 was Diabetes mellitus in 25 (71.43%) subjects, hypertension in 22 (62.86%), ischemic heart disease in 16 (45.71%) while chronic liver disease was observed in 3 (8.57%) subjects. According to the survey, 420 (70%) participants thought that covid-19 will be controlled worldwide while 450 (75%) subjects thought that covid-19 will be controlled in Pakistan. Worry of contracting covid-19 even with protective measures was observed in 420 (70%) subjects. Conclusion: Our study reported that the prevalence of covid-19 was 6%. Diabetes mellitus, hypertension and ischemic heart disease were the major associated risk factors with the mortality of covid-19 and the overall impact of covid-19 on social life of Pakistani population was not good according to our study. Keywords: Covid-19; Prevalence; Mortality; Social life

Introduction The effect of anticoagulation control on overall Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQoL) in patients taking warfarin in Pakistan has not been explored yet. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate HRQoL among warfarin patients in Pakistan. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted among patients on warfarin in Pakistan. By purposive sampling, data were collected using demographic data collection form and the World Health Organization Quality of Life: Brief Version (WHOQOL-BREF). The WHOQOL-BREF is comprised of four domains; physical, psychological, social relationships, and environment. Descriptive and inferential statistical analysis was done using SPSS version 22. Results Out of 295 warfarin patients, more females than males (<0.001) were observed (n = 184, 62.4%, and n = 111, 37.6% respectively). One hundred and eighteen (40.0%) patients were less than 30-years of age, whereas one hundred and seventy-seven (60.0%) patients were above 30-years of age. Mean scores for the physical (62.44±15.36), psychological (67.84 ±15.54), social (64.27±26.28) and environment domains (63.45±17.66) were observed.

The coronavirus illness 2019 (COVID-19) has spread to over 200 countries and infected over 70 million individuals since December 2019. The precise nature of the SARS-CoV-2 infection is yet unknown. In this study, we look at whether a C-reactive protein biomarker can predict clinical outcome or is linked to the severity of COVID-19 illness. Potential research published from the COVID-19 pandemic to May 2022 was found using the databases MEDLINE, Hinari, Google Scholar, and Google search. To extract relevant facts from each original report, a format established in a Microsoft Excel spreadsheet was employed. The retrieved data were transferred to STATA/MP version 16.0 software for further analysis. Keywords such as "COVID-19," "SARS-CoV-2," and "C-reactive protein," among others, were searched to find relevant papers. Only studies that reported mean C-reactive protein levels and COVID-19 disease stage results were included. The review contained twenty papers. All investigations indicated that individuals with severe COVID-19 had considerably greater levels of C-reactive protein than patients with moderate illness. This review indicated that a specific biomarker may still be used to predict the risk of disease progression in asymptomatic and/or slightly too seriously unwell persons.

Breast cancer is the most common malignancy among women globally, particularly among women over the age of 40 [1]. In Malaysia, breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer in women, followed by colorectal cancer, and it is the second leading cause of cancer death among Malaysians after colorectal cancer [2]. Cancer-related fatigue (CRF) is a multidimensional concept reported to be the most common side effect experienced by cancer patients [3]; it has a profound negative effect on patients' quality of life (QOL) [4]. The fatigue reported by cancer

No abstract

Objective: The aim of the study is to assess the impact of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy on stillbirths and other perinatal outcomes among women in Karachi, Pakistan.Methodology: This was a retrospective cohort study conducted at two tertiary care hospitals, Aga Khan Hospital (AKU) and Liaquat National Hospital (LNH) in Karachi, Pakistan. The primary outcome variable of this study was stillbirth. Other outcomes assessed in this study included preterm birth, low birth weight, and early neonatal death.Results: Data of a total of 840 women were included in this study; 280 (33.33%) women had hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and 560 (66.67%) were normotensive. Among women who had hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, the adjusted odds ratio (AOR) of having a stillbirth was two times more than that for normotensive women (AOR=2.62, 95% CI=1.46-4.40), four times for low birth weight (AOR=4.23, 95% CI=2.88-6.20), five times for early neonatal death (AOR=5.03, 95% CI=2.40-10.50) and six times for pre-term birth (AOR=5.16, 95% CI=3.42-7.79). Conclusion:The current study found that incidence of stillbirth, low birth weight, pre-term birth, and neonatal mortality is higher in mothers with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy than normotensive mothers.

Objectives The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of anaemia on the quality of life (QOL) among breast cancer patients. Methods A total of 120 anaemic (haemoglobin &lt; 12 g/dL) breast cancer patients were identified through chart review. Patients were followed-up for three cycles of chemotherapy filled in a QOL questionnaire Functional Assessment Chronic Therapy –Anaemia at each follow-up session. Data such as haemoglobin Hb levels and chemotherapy regimens were also recorded on each follow-up. Data were analysed using SPSS. Key findings The Hb level and QOL mean scores of all follow-ups were 10.34 ± 0.73 g/dL and 96.37 ± 16.15 g/dL, respectively. QOL was adversely affected by anaemia severity, and the curves declined significantly from the first follow-up to the third follow-up (P &lt; 0.001). Conclusion It is crucial to consider developing a guideline for the treatment of anaemia, which is not available currently, and improve the QOL for the wellbeing of cancer patients.

Worldwide Oral carcinomas considerable problem. It is crucial to know the molecular incidences of molecular carcinogenesis, as it has a significant association with tobacco in Pakistani population. So, this study aimed to screen out the savage high risk of papilloma virus 16/18 and p16 in oral premalignant lesion and oral squamous cell carcinoma. Moreover, the p16 correlation between HPV and OPL and OSCC was also analyzed. Method: A total of 150 samples from the oral cavity were taken from the Hayatabad Medical complex (50 samples of OPL and 100 samples of OSCC).In this study we used immunohistochemistry to look for p16 in OPL and OSCC, and we used polymerase chain reaction to find HPV. SPSS 21 was used to input and evaluate the data. The relationship between HPVandp16withdifferentvariables was determined using Chi-square and Fisher exact tests. Results:For p16, 14% of 50 oral premalignant lesions were found positive and 86% were negative. Moreover, while screening for the OSCC, the 18 percent individuals were found positive for OSCC, while the remaining (82%) screened out negative. HPV was diagnosed in 6% of 50 OPL. The co-occurrence of HPV with p16 was found in all the 15 (100%) individual’s with a p value of 0.001. However, three of the 18 cases with p16 expression did not have HPV infection. Conclusion: The current research supports the use of p16 as a unique marker for human papilloma virus in oral squamous cell carcinomas. Furthermore, a chemical carcinogen like cigarettes is thought to be one of the main risk factors for p16 and HPV infection, as well as other things.