Aim:The study was carried out with an idea to ascertain involvement of trace minerals in failure of conception in Knakrej cow. Materials and Methods:The animals under study were comprised of 10 normal (Group-I) and 20 repeat breeder (Group-II) Kankrej cows. Blood and estrual mucus of each repeat breeding and normally cycling cows were collected aseptically before breeding. The cervical mucus was diluted with triple glass distilled water at the rate of 1: 3 using vertex machine. Serum and diluted mucus was used for the trace minerals estimation. Results:The values observed for copper, iron, zinc and manganese in blood serum of normal and repeat breeding animals was 2.27 ± 0.05 vs 0.87 ± 0.02, 1.41 ± 0.02 vs 0.65 ± 0.01, 1.94 ± 0.01 vs 1.78 ± 0.02 and 0.43 ± 0.02 vs 0.18 ± 0.01 ppm, respectively and in estrual mucus it was 1.37 ± 0.10 vs 0.44 ± 0.06, 0.74 ± 0.07 vs 0.33 ± 0.05, 1.47 ± 0.10 vs 0.82 ± 0.06 and 0.29 ± 0.04 vs 0.23 ± 0.03 ppm, respectively. All the values in blood serum and estrual mucus were significantly (p<0.01) higher in normal than repeat breeder cows except manganese in estrual mucus, which was non significantly higher in normal as compared to repeat breeder Kankrej cows. Conclusion:All trace minerals was higher in blood serum of Group I animals as compared to Group II. In estrual mucus except manganese, all trace minerals was higher in normal cows than repeat breeder.

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The identification of a novel class of potent pan-genotypic NS5A inhibitors with good pharmacokinetic profile suitable for potential use in treating HCV infections is disclosed here. The present series of compounds are with less complex tricyclic central core, identified through a systematic SAR study carried out on biphenyl moiety. The SAR outcome has confirmed the requirement of near planar and linear conformation of the molecule to achieve the best pan-genotypic activity. In addition, SAR with substituted imidazoles on improvement of antiviral activity is disclosed. The newly identified compounds 12, 16, 19–21 have shown desirable pharmacokinetic profiles with a favorable uptake of compounds in liver and maintained a significant concentration for up to 8 h in the liver. In addition, compounds 20 and 21 have shown superior pan-genotypic anti-HCV activity compared to ledipasvir and daclatasvir. Additional characterization and preliminary safety assessment resulted in the identification of compound 20 as a potential clinical candidate.

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