RESUMO -Os cavalos do exército brasileiro são usados em dias de exposição e, muitas vezes, submetidos a exercício intenso, que, aliado às condições climáticas do cerrado do Centro-Oeste brasileiro, resulta na necessidade de extrema aclimatação dos mesmos. O objetivo desse estudo foi determinar o efeito do estresse térmico e do exercício a que estão submetidas às raças de eqüinos estudadas. Foram utilizados 40 cavalos adultos (4 a 13 anos) do 1 o Regimento de Cavalaria de Guarda (10 animais de cada uma das raças Puro Sangue de Corrida -PSC, Mestiço -M e Brasileiro de Hipismo -BH) e do 32 o Grupo de Artilharia de Campanha (10 animais da raça Bretã), localizado no Setor Militar Urbano do Distrito Federal. Foram realizadas três medidas das freqüências cardíaca e respiratória, da temperatura retal e colhidas amostras de sangue quatro vezes por dia, de manhã e à tarde, antes e depois dos animais terem sido submetidos a exercício. A raça afetou todas as características exceto VCM, HCM e CHCM. Animais da raça PSC tiveram médias mais altas para leucócitos (7,83 ± 1,59), hemácias (9,21 ± 1,27), VG (40,75 ± 4,58) e hemoglobina (14,34 ± 1,67), enquanto os mestiços tiveram médias mais altas para proteína plasmática total (6,93 ± 0,66). Na raça Bretã foram observados níveis mais baixos para a maioria das características examinadas. O exercício afetou todas as características exceto VCM, HCM e CHCM com o nível das características aumentando em todos os casos. As correlações entre as características investigadas variam muito, sendo que entre hemácias, hemoglobina, VG foram em geral altas e positivas (>0,58), enquanto com a proteína plasmática total foram de médias a baixas (<0,26). O presente experimento nos permite concluir que os animais da raça PSC são os mais susceptíveis e os da raça Bretã os melhores adaptados às condições do clima do DF.Palavras-chave: aclimatação, estresse, calor, respostas fisiológicas, exercício Effect of Heat Stress and Exercise on Physiological Parameters of Horses of the Brazilian ArmyABSTRACT -The horses of the Brazilian army are used for expositions, and frequently subjected to intense exercise. This, together with environmental conditions of the Central west savanna result in the need for acclimatization. The objective of this study was to determine what is the effect of thermal and exercise stress on four groups of stabled horses in the savanna region. 40 Adult horses (4 to 13 years of age) from the 1 st Mounted Guard Regiment (10 of each breed Thoroughbred -PSC, Crossbred -M and Brazilian Showjumper -BH) as well as 10 Bretãs from the 32 nd Campaign Artillery Group, were used. All horses were kept in the Urban Military Sector in the Federal District. The measurements made on the animals included heart and respiratory rates, rectal temperature and blood samples were taken at four opportunities during the day, in the morning and afternoon, before and after exercise. Genetic group influenced all traits except VCM, HCM e CHCM. Animals of the PSC group had higher means for leukocytes (7.83 ± 1.59), ...

Real time information about direction and type of blood flow can be obtained with Doppler ultrasound. In the literature it was not found data obtained with this method from celiac and cranial mesenteric artery in cats. Moreover, sedation of the animal is occasionally necessary to obtain more information on any blood vessel using this method. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the quantitative aspects of spectral waves formed from blood flow of the celiac, cranial mesenteric, renal, external iliac, femoral, and aortic arteries in healthy cats, and to compare them with the same animals when subjected to midazolam, ketamine, and butorphanol sedation. We also measured the heart rate. Twenty healthy adult cats were evaluated. The values obtained for resistivity index and pulsatility index from the celiac artery were 0.62 ± 0.10 and 1.29 ± 0.55, and those from the mesenteric artery were 0.68 ± 0.09 and 1.37 ± 0.39, respectively. Although heart rate was higher in sedated animals, no significant statistical difference was found in case of other parameters, except celiac artery end diastolic velocity and time averaged mean velocity and iliac artery resistivity and pulsatility index. Thus, we provide the Doppler velocimetry parameter from celiac and mesenteric arteries and conclude that this protocol does not alter the values of Doppler ultrasound in the selected vessels, except the celiac and iliac arteries. ResumoInformações em tempo real da direção e tipo de fluxo sanguíneo podem ser obtidas com ultrassonografia com Doppler. Existe na literatura dados relativos a esses parâmetros, em gatos não sedados, obtidos das artérias: aorta, renal, ilíaca e femoral; no entanto não foram encontrados na literatura dados relativos às artérias celíaca e mesentérica cranial. Além disso, ocasionalmente há necessidade de sedar animais inquietos ou agressivos, para que seja possível a realização deste exame. O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar os aspectos quantitativos da onda espectral formada pelo fluxo sanguíneo das artérias: celíaca, mesentérica cranial, renal, ilíaca externa, femoral e aorta abdominal de gatos hígidos e comparálos aos obtidos dos mesmos animais submetidos à sedação com midazolam, cetamina e butorfanol. A frequência cardíaca também foi mensurada. Foram avaliados 20 gatos SRD adultos e saudáveis. Os valores encontrados em animais não sedados na artéria celíaca de índice de resistividade foi 0,62 ± 0,10 e índice de pulsatilidade 1,29 ± 0,55, enquanto da artéria mesentérica cranial, 0,68 ± 0,11 e 1,37 ± 0,39, respectivamente. Apesar da frequência cardíaca mais elevada nos animais sedados, não foram encontradas diferenças estatisticamente significativas dentre os demais parâmetros avaliados, exceto na velocidade diastólica final e velocidade média da artéria celíaca, e índice de resistividade e de pulsatilidade da artéria ilíaca. Dessa forma, foram fornecidos parâmetros dopplervelocimétricos da artéria celíaca e mesentérica cranial e conclui-se que o protocolo utilizado não alterou os valores encontrados por ultrass...

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Background: Doppler ultrasound is a non-invasive diagnostic imaging technique that allows vascular anatomical and dynamics evaluation. Each artery has flow velocity profiles and different Doppler spectrum. The purpose of this study was to determine if sedation with acepromazine and butorphanol in dogs alters Doppler velocimetric values and diameter from abdominal aorta, celiac, mesenteric cranial, renal, external iliac and femoral arteries of healthy dogs.Materials, Methods & Results: Twenty healthy female dogs, aged 1 to 5 years, with body weight ranging from 10 to 25 kg, were evaluated with Doppler ultrasound in order to obtain: peak systolic velocity, end diastolic velocity, time average medium velocity, time average maximum velocity, resistive index, pulsatility index, and diameter from abdominal aorta, celiac, mesenteric cranial, renal, external iliac and femoral arteries. The same animals were sedated with acepromazine (0.02 mg/kg) and buthorphanol (0.4 mg/kg) and the same parameters were reevaluated. The heart rate was also measured. The study was approved by the Animal Ethics Committee of UFRGS, under the 25552 protocol, and the owners signed an informed consent form. Statistical analysis was performed with pared t test.The heart rate was statistically significant different, 98 ± 20.13 bpm before and 79 ± 17.74 after sedation. The exam was done before and after sedation in all selected vessels, except the celiac and cranial mesenteric artery, which were possible only in 35% and 45% respectively. All measured arteries exhibit difference in at least two of the analyzed parameters, except femoral artery, that only diameter was different.Discussion: Each vessel was selected because of its importance, and each of them has its own characteristic waveform. Changes in patterns of flow velocity of the celiac artery and mesenteric can help to determine the physiological condition of the gastrointestinal tract; in the case of renal arteries are associated with diseases involving parenchyma and; thrombosis in the aorta and the iliac and femoral arteries may be difficult to evaluate without the Doppler image. Examination of the AC and AMC before and after sedation not could be performed in all animals, maybe because the present work was carried out with only fasting requirement, without using dimethicone, and one of the difficulties encountered was the presence of gas in the gastrointestinal tract. Another factor that may have contributed to these findings is that the acute stress of containment and other environmental factors can cause release of vasopressin and leads to vasoconstriction of the splanchnic vascular bed. The dopplervelocimetric data found in celiac, mesenteric cranial, renal and femoral arteries in non-sedated animals was similar to what was described by other authors. Although all dogs demonstrated relaxation during the exam, this sedation protocol alters the values found with Doppler ultrasound in the selected vessels, except femoral artery, which caused only increase of diameter. The Doppler differences found can be a consequence of a decrease in heart rate associated with longer cycle length, and therefore, larger diastolic volume with vessels that stayed with same diameter, or in case of caudal abdominal aorta, that reduced the diameter. This study compared the dopplervelocimetric values to the ones described by other authors in non-sedated animals and demonstrated that although acepromazine and buthorphanol are a good option to sedate dogs to perform ultrasound exam, they alter the Doppler values from aorta abdominal, celiac, cranial mesenteric, renal, external iliac arteries and the femoral artery diameter.

RESUMOA Síndrome Nefrótica (SN) é uma conseqüência da doença glomerular renal e se caracteriza por proteinúria, hipoalbuminemia, hipercolesterolemia, hiperlipemia e edema; podendo estar ou não associada a distúrbios infecciosos. Este relato descreve o caso de um cão, Fila Brasileiro, com histórico de fraqueza, edema facial e dos membros, apatia e desidratação. Os exames complementares revelaram infecção por Babesia canis, insuficiência renal crônica, hipertensão arterial e os sinais já citados da SN. ABSTRACTNephrotic Syndrome is a consequence of renal glomerular disease and is characterized by proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, hypercholesterolemia, hyperlipiemia and edema; could be or not associated to infeccious disturbances. This story reports a case of a dog, Fila brasileiro, with history of weakness, face and limb edema, apathy and dehydration. Selection examinations reveal Babesia canis infection, renal chronic failure, arterial hypertension and signs once cited of SN.

Iobitridol is a tri-iodinated contrast agent, and neurotoxicologic studies of the intracisternal administration are scarce and inconclusive. The purpose of this study was to compare the neurotoxicity of iobitridol with iohexol, by intracisternal administration in Wistar rats, for a pre-clinical evaluation of its use as a myelographic agent. The animals, a total of 75, were divided into three experimental groups, iobitridol, iohexol and cerebral artificial fluid (control group), with 25 animals per group. Then, these were divided into five subgroups of five animals each, and given doses of 200, 400, 600, 800 and 1000 mg kg -1 , while the control group received the equivalent volumes of contrast media tested. The animals were evaluated after 5, 15, 30, 60, 120, 180 and 240 min of intracisternal administration of these substances, for signs of depression and excitement, tactile palmar grasp, flexor, extensor, palpebral, papillary and pinna reflexes, surface righting and placing reactions, and with an auditory startle test. The evaluations were assessed daily for seven days with these parameters and their body weight, food, and water intake were also measured. There were no statistically significant differences between groups tested with respect to any of the evaluated parameters. In other words, in this animal model, the iobitridol demonstrated a low neurotoxicologic potential, comparable to that observed with iohexol. Further study with dogs and cats, as an alternative, is suggested. Key words: Contrast media. Cistern. Iodinated contrast. Myelography. Toxicity. ResumoO iobitridol é um meio de contraste tri-iodado, e estudos referentes à neurotoxicidade, com administração subaracnóide são escassos e inconclusivos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi comparar a neurotoxicidade do iobitridol com a do iohexol, por via intracisternal, em ratos Wistar, como avaliação pré-clínica da utilização deste como agente mielográfico. Foram utilizados 75 animais divididos em três grupos experimentais com 25 animais: iobitridol, iohexol e líquido cerebroespinhal artificial (grupo controle). Estes foram subdivididos em cinco subgrupos com cinco animais cada, com doses distintas de 200, 400, 600, 800 e 1000 mg kg -1 , sendo utilizado no grupo controle o volume equivalente aos meios de contraste testados. Os animais foram avaliados após 5, 15, 30, 60, 120, 180 palmar, flexor, extensor, palpebral, pupilar e da pina, reação de endireitamento e posicionamento e resposta auditiva. Nos sete dias subsequentes, os animais foram avaliados diariamente quanto a estes parâmetros, e ainda a massa corporal, a ingestão de ração e de água, foram mensuradas. Não foram observadas diferenças estatisticamente significativas entre os grupos testados com meios de contraste, em nenhum dos parâmetros avaliados. Dessa forma, nesse modelo animal, o iobitridol demonstrou baixa neurotoxicidade, comparável a observada com o iohexol. Sugerem-se mais estudos com cães e gatos para utilização do iobitridol como alternativa. . Palavras-chave: Cisterna. Contraste ...

Hypercortisolism is a common endocrinopathy in dogs; however, in a few cases, bilateral functional adrenocortical adenomas cause spontaneous disease, and thrombotic events are considered uncommon complications. The aim of this report was to describe a case of bilateral adrenocortical adenoma in a dog with hyperadrenocorticism associated with distal aortic and iliac thrombosis, with emphasis on clinical and pathological aspects. A 15-year-old spayed female Dachshund with a previous clinical history of hyperadrenocorticism presented with acute bilateral hindlimb paraparesis. A vertebral thoracolumbar radiography was performed and did not present any evidence of intervertebral disk disease or vertebral abnormalities; however, abdominal ultrasound and vascular Doppler evaluation revealed bilateral adrenal enlargement in addition to an aortic and external iliac artery thrombus. The animal was euthanized. At necropsy, both adrenal glands were enlarged by well-demarcated neoplastic nodules in the parenchyma, and a thrombus caudal to the abdominal aorta bifurcation within the external iliac arteries that extended to the left external iliac artery was noted. Histological evaluation revealed a well-differentiated neoplastic proliferation of cortical epithelial cells, consistent with bilateral adenoma, and muscular necrosis in the pelvic limbs was also observed. Bilateral functional adrenocortical adenoma; although, very rare, should be considered as a cause of hypercortisolism, and aortic thrombosis in dogs should be considered as a possible consequence.

ABSTRACT:Despite the increasing use of oregano (Origanum vulgare L.) essential oil for therapeutic purposes, pre-and postnatal development of animals offspring exposed to this oil has not yet been evaluated. In line with previous concerns of genotoxicity, in this study adult rats were exposed to different doses of oregano essential oil (3, 9 and 27% vol/vol)