Background: Primary splenic torsion occurs when there is a splenic vascular pedicle rotation without association of other diseases, as the Gastric Dilatation Volvulus (GDV). Accessory spleen consists in a splenic tissue fraction independent from main organ, caused by a spleen defect in the embryonic development, most remaining asymptomatic and discovered incidentally. They have their own blood supply, which is usually from a branch of the splenic artery. Present report represents a primary splenic torsion with the accessory spleen finding in a dog. Case: A 7-year-old female mongrel was referred to Veterinary Hospital of Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, showing pain and firm consistency in the left abdominal region, prostration and inappetence four days before the medical appointment. At the clinical examination, the patient was alert, 7% dehydration, hypocorous mucous membranes, without alteration in lymph nodes, left abdominal pain. Laboratory tests, chest radiographic and abdominal ultrasound was requested. Two images compatible with splenic image were visualized, one with a regular structure without vascularization suggesting splenic torsion and another with homogeneous parenchyma and echogenicity of the normal spleen, with vascularization signal. The animal was referred to the surgical procedure and the anesthetic induction protocol with propofol (6 mg/kg -1 ) and ketamine hydrochloride (2 mg/kg -1 ) and maintenance with total intravenous anesthesia with propofol (0.2-0.4 mg/kg -1 / min) and lidocaine (2 mg/kg -1 ), in a semi-closed loop and spontaneous ventilation. The pre-retro-umbilical incision in the ventral midline was performed, and the exploratory celiotomy was done. During the cavity exploring, a small amount of free fluid and a structure compatible with the spleen were observed. It was noted that the splenic vascular pedicle was twisted around its axis and the gastroesplenic and splenocolic ligaments were also involved. The stomach maintained its position, size and vascularization. Thus, an isolated or primary splenic torsion was characterized. The exploratory laparotomy was recommended, and the total splenectomy was the treatment of choice. The accessory spleen did not demonstrate vascular damage; therefore, was advocated the zeal in handling to preserve your integrity. Discussion: Isolated splenic torsion is a rare occurrence in dogs. A retrospective study was performed with 60 dogs presenting with non-traumatic hemoperitoneum, in which only three cases presented splenic torsion. Usually, twisting occurs in large or giant breed dogs with deep chest conformation. The etiology of splenic torsion is not well established. Primary splenic torsion is considered emergency surgery, and the prognosis is considered favorable. The literature shows no relation between the presence of the accessory spleen and the occurrence of primary splenic torsion, but both occur due to congenital defects, both of which may be correlated in this case. The accessory spleen is characterized by a defect in the embryo...
Iobitridol is a tri-iodinated contrast agent, and neurotoxicologic studies of the intracisternal administration are scarce and inconclusive. The purpose of this study was to compare the neurotoxicity of iobitridol with iohexol, by intracisternal administration in Wistar rats, for a pre-clinical evaluation of its use as a myelographic agent. The animals, a total of 75, were divided into three experimental groups, iobitridol, iohexol and cerebral artificial fluid (control group), with 25 animals per group. Then, these were divided into five subgroups of five animals each, and given doses of 200, 400, 600, 800 and 1000 mg kg -1 , while the control group received the equivalent volumes of contrast media tested. The animals were evaluated after 5, 15, 30, 60, 120, 180 and 240 min of intracisternal administration of these substances, for signs of depression and excitement, tactile palmar grasp, flexor, extensor, palpebral, papillary and pinna reflexes, surface righting and placing reactions, and with an auditory startle test. The evaluations were assessed daily for seven days with these parameters and their body weight, food, and water intake were also measured. There were no statistically significant differences between groups tested with respect to any of the evaluated parameters. In other words, in this animal model, the iobitridol demonstrated a low neurotoxicologic potential, comparable to that observed with iohexol. Further study with dogs and cats, as an alternative, is suggested. Key words: Contrast media. Cistern. Iodinated contrast. Myelography. Toxicity. ResumoO iobitridol é um meio de contraste tri-iodado, e estudos referentes à neurotoxicidade, com administração subaracnóide são escassos e inconclusivos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi comparar a neurotoxicidade do iobitridol com a do iohexol, por via intracisternal, em ratos Wistar, como avaliação pré-clínica da utilização deste como agente mielográfico. Foram utilizados 75 animais divididos em três grupos experimentais com 25 animais: iobitridol, iohexol e líquido cerebroespinhal artificial (grupo controle). Estes foram subdivididos em cinco subgrupos com cinco animais cada, com doses distintas de 200, 400, 600, 800 e 1000 mg kg -1 , sendo utilizado no grupo controle o volume equivalente aos meios de contraste testados. Os animais foram avaliados após 5, 15, 30, 60, 120, 180 palmar, flexor, extensor, palpebral, pupilar e da pina, reação de endireitamento e posicionamento e resposta auditiva. Nos sete dias subsequentes, os animais foram avaliados diariamente quanto a estes parâmetros, e ainda a massa corporal, a ingestão de ração e de água, foram mensuradas. Não foram observadas diferenças estatisticamente significativas entre os grupos testados com meios de contraste, em nenhum dos parâmetros avaliados. Dessa forma, nesse modelo animal, o iobitridol demonstrou baixa neurotoxicidade, comparável a observada com o iohexol. Sugerem-se mais estudos com cães e gatos para utilização do iobitridol como alternativa. . Palavras-chave: Cisterna. Contraste ...
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