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BackgroundPhysical activity is recommended as a part of a comprehensive lifestyle approach in the treatment of hypertension, but there is a lack of data about the relationship between different intensities of physical activity and cardiovascular parameters in hypertensive patients. The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between the time spent in physical activities of different intensities and blood pressure levels, arterial stiffness and autonomic modulation in hypertensive patients.MethodsIn this cross-sectional study, 87 hypertensive patients (57.5 ± 9.9 years of age) had their physical activity assessed over a 7 day period using an accelerometer and the time spent in sedentary activities, light physical activities, moderate physical activities and moderate-to-vigorous physical activities was obtained. The primary outcomes were brachial and central blood pressure. Arterial stiffness parameters (augmentation index and pulse wave velocity) and cardiac autonomic modulation (sympathetic and parasympathetic modulation in the heart) were also obtained as secondary outcomes.ResultsSedentary activities and light physical activities were positively and inversely associated, respectively, with brachial systolic (r = 0.56; P < 0.01), central systolic (r = 0.51; P < 0.05), brachial diastolic (r = 0.45; P < 0.01) and central diastolic (r = 0.42; P < 0.05) blood pressures, after adjustment for sex, age, trunk fat, number of antihypertensive drugs, accelerometer wear time and moderate-to-vigorous physical activities. Arterial stiffness parameters and cardiac autonomic modulation were not associated with the time spent in sedentary activities and in light physical activities (P > 0.05).ConclusionLower time spent in sedentary activities and higher time spent in light physical activities are associated with lower blood pressure, without affecting arterial stiffness and cardiac autonomic modulation in hypertensive patients.

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The aims of study were to analyze the relationship between muscle mass and anthropometric parameters in elderly women and to develop a mathematical model to predict muscle mass based on anthropometric parameters. The study included 63 elderly women (71.4 ± 4.4 years). Body weight, height, arm, waist, hip and calf circumferences were measured. Muscle mass was estimated using a densitometry. The muscle mass index was calculated using the equation (muscle mass index = muscle mass [kg] / height [m]²). A significant correlation was found between muscle mass and body weight (r = 0.782), arm (r=0.688), waist (r=0.467), hip (r=0.629) and calf circumferences (r=0.592) with p<0.05 for all. Regression analysis indicated that body mass and calf circumference were independent predictors of muscle mass (r=0.81, r²=0.65, F=55.7). The prediction model obtained was muscle mass (kg) =-0.543+(0.162 × body mass)+(0.151 × calf circumference). No differences were observed between the amount of muscle mass and muscle mass index estimated by densitometry and by equation (p>0.05). The results of this study indicated that body mass, body mass index, arm, waist, hip and calf circumferences are related to muscle mass elderly women. The muscle mass can be adequately predicted based on data from body mass and calf circumference. Keywords: aging, elderly, body composition, skeletal muscle RESUMO Os objetivos do estudo foram analisar a relação entre a massa muscular e parâmetros antropométricos em mulheres idosas e desenvolver um modelo matemático para predição da massa muscular. O estudo incluiu 63 idosas (71 ± 4.4 anos). Massa corporal, altura e circunferências do braço, cintura, quadril e panturrilha foram medidas. Massa muscular foi estimada utilizando a densitometria. O índice de massa muscular foi calculado usando a equação (índice de massa muscular= massa muscular [kg] / altura [m]²). Uma correlação significante foi encontrada entre a massa muscular e a massa corporal (r = 0.782), circunferência do braço (r = 0.688), circunferência da cintura (r = 0.467), circunferência do quadril (r = 0.629) e circunferência da panturrilha (r = 0.592) com p < 0.05 para todas. A análise de regressão indicou que a massa corporal e a circunferência da panturrilha foram preditores independentes da massa muscular (r = 0.81, r² = 0.65, F = 55.7). O modelo de regressão linear obtido foi de massa muscular (kg) =-0.543+ (0.162 × massa corporal) + (0.151 × circunferência da panturrilha). Não foram observadas diferenças entre a massa muscular e o índice de massa muscular estimados pela densitometria e pela equação (p > 0.05). Os resultados deste estudo indicaram que a massa corporal, índice de massa corporal, circunferência do braço, circunferência da cintura, circunferência do quadril e circunferência da panturrilha estão relacionados com a massa muscular de mulheres idosas. A massa muscular pode ser adequadamente predita com base nos dados de massa corporal e de circunferência da panturrilha.

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