COVID -19 pandemic is creating an uncertainty about the demographic trends of morbidity and mortality rates across countries worldwide. Hence, this study is aimed to characterize the gender and age distribution of morbidity and mortality from COVID-19 across populations. This cross-sectional study uses aggregate data on COVID-19 cases and deaths by gender and age. Considering gender-based morbidity, men diagnosed with COVID-19 substantially outnumber infected women with statistically significant findings (*p=<0.05, □ RR>2) in Asian, American, and African countries, whereas women diagnosed higher morbidity rate in European countries. However, gender-based fatality showed higher among men in most of the analyzed countries of all those continents except Australia where female fatality was higher. This study revealed 50 years old were mostly associated with the infection and death in all continents except Australia, showing more morbidity above 20 years of age, whereas, fatality rate was more in the above 80 years group. The study concludes that, across countries, COVID-19 morbidity and fatality rate is age specific rather than gender specific. Infection rates showed rising steeply with age; nevertheless, children do not stand on equal footing when COVID-19 crisis is transforming their day-to-day lives.
Abstract The Covid-19 pandemic has changed the way people carry out their daily activities and limit the movement of people including going home (or mudik) in 2020. This study aims to understand the effect of Covid-19 on the intention of travelers to go home in 2021 in Indonesia. The data in this study were obtained from online respondents and analyzed using discriminant analysis. Although there is still uncertainty about when the pandemic will end, this study shows that there are travelers who will continue to go home in 2021, especially those with lower incomes and young people. In addition, the emotional aspect was found to influence the intention to go home in 2021. This study recommends the need for a more detailed health protocol for homecoming travelers who will continue to go home and for cities that become homecoming destinations in 2021. In addition, the improvement of Information and Communication Technology infrastructure in the regions needs to be improved to reduce the desire to go home during the pandemic. Keywords: mudik; Covid-19 pandemic; travel; traveler; health protocol. Abstrak Pandemi Covid-19 telah mengubah cara masyarakat melakukan kegiatan sehari-hari dan membatasi pergerakan masyarakat termasuk pada saat mudik tahun 2020. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memahami pengaruh Covid-19 terhadap intensi pelaku perjalanan untuk melakukan mudik pada tahun 2021 di Indonesia. Data pada studi ini diperoleh dari responden secara online dan dianalisis dengan menggunakan analisis diskriminan. Meskipun masih ada ketidakpastian kapan pandemi berakhir, penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa terdapat pelaku perjalanan yang tetap akan melakukan mudik pada tahun 2021, khususnya mereka dengan pendapatan yang lebih rendah dan dengan usia muda. Selain itu aspek emosional ditemukan memengaruhi intensi untuk melakukan mudik pada tahun 2021. Studi ini merekomendasikan perlunya protokol kesehatan untuk mudik yang lebih rinci untuk para pelaku perjalanan yang tetap akan melakukan mudik serta untuk bagi kota-kota yang menjadi tujuan mudik pada tahun 2021. Selain itu, peningkatan infrastruktur Teknologi Informasi dan Komunikasi di daerah-daerah perlu ditingkatkan untuk mengurangi keinginan melakukan mudik pada masa pandemi. Kata-kata kunci: mudik; pandemi Covid-19; perjalanan; pelaku perjalanan; protokol kesehatan.
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