OBJETIVO: Determinar a relação entre diferentes índices de atividade física e preditores de adiposidade em adolescentes de ambos os sexos. MÉTODOS: Foram avaliadas 111 crianças (57 meninos e 54 meninas), com idade média de 11,62 ± 0,72. Como preditores de adiposidade foram determinados o IMC, percentagem de gordura corporal e a relação cintura/quadril (RCQ). Quanto aos indicadores de atividade física, calcularam-se o gasto energético total (GET), nível de atividade física habitual (NAFH), nível de atividade física (NAF) e gasto energético com atividade física (GEat) através do questionário de Bouchard e, para a taxa metabólica basal (TMB), a equação de Schofield-HW. RESULTADOS: A amostra apresentou diferenças significativas entre os sexos para idade, % de gordura corporal, RCQ, NAFH, NAF, TMB com p < 0,05. Para os meninos o GET, NAF, TMB e GEat apresentaram correlação significativa com o IMC (r = 0,86; r = 0,70; r = 0,91; r = 0,78) e % de gordura (r = 0,78; r = 0,61; r = 0,90; r = 0,70) com p < 0,01, respectivamente, e o GET, TMB, GEat apresentaram correlação significativa com o RCQ (r = 0,28; r = 0,45 e r = 0,28) com p < 0,05. Para as meninas o GET, NAF, TMB, GEat apresentaram valores significativos com o IMC (r = 0,86; r = 0,82; r = 0,78; r = 0,85); em % de gordura todos os indicadores GET, NAFH, NAF, TMB e GEat foram significativos (r = 0,73; r = -0,29; r = 0,66; r = 0,74; r = 0,70) com p < 0,05. CONCLUSÃO: Os diferentes indicadores de nível de atividade física apresentaram significativa correlação com os preditores de adiposidade com exceção do RCQ para as meninas. O aumento da massa corporal demonstrou relação significância com o aumento do dispêndio energético em função da maior necessidade de energia para movimentar o corpo.
Introduction: By associating genetics and sport, it is possible to identify subjects with greater capacity to adapt to training, and lower chances of injury. Objective: The investigation evaluated the genotypic and allelic distribution of ACTN3 R577X and ACE I/D polymorphisms in Brazilian high-performance athletes in wrestling and percussion combat sports. Methods: The study included 37 male athletes ranked from first to third place in world scenarios, divided into two groups: wrestling (23 wrestlers, being 11 of Judo, 4 of Greco-Roman style, 8 of Brazilian Jiu Jitsu, with mean age of 27.3 ± 6.9 years) and percussion combat sports (14 athletes with a mean age of 25.7±4.4 years, being 6 of Karate, 3 of Muay Thai, 4 of Taekwondo, 1 Boxing). Genotyping of ACTN3 and ACE I/D polymorphisms was performed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) from the genomic DNA. Genotypic and allelic distributions were compared with control populations and athletes by Chi-square test and Fisher's exact test; all analyzes considered p ≤ 0.05. Results: The genotypic distributions and allelic frequencies of ACTN3 RR=46%, RX=38% and XX=16%; R=65% and X=35%, and ACE I/D DD=47.7%, ID=34.3% and II=20%; D=62.9% and I=37.1% did not differ from the control population; however, when compared with wrestling athletes a significant difference was observed. Conclusion: These results suggest an association of ACTN3 R577X and ACE I/D genes with Brazilian high-performance wrestling athletes.
Introduction: Physical performance depends on a variety of biological and mechanical properties. These different phenotypes are related through the complex interaction between the environment and the individual genetic profile. The hypothesis is that there is a hereditary component that interferes in physical fitness. ACE stands out among the genes that may influence this response. Objectives: The objective of this study is to analyze the polymorphism of the ACE gene in American football athletes. Methods: At the end of the study, the sample was composed of 45 male athletes and 72 non-athletes. DNA was extracted from the jugal mucosa. ACE polymorphisms were genotyped through polymerase chain reaction and analyzed using the electrophoresis process. To compare the frequency of genotypes between athletes and the control group, we used the Chi-square test. The association between the frequencies of alleles was verified through the 2X2 contingency tables analyzed using the Chi-square test with Yates correction. The type of study was diagnostic -Investigation of a diagnostic test, level of evidence II. A p-value of ≤0.05 was considered statistically significant for all the analyses. Results: The results showed a greater frequency of the D allele in American football athletes when compared with non-athletes, and a significant difference in the genotypic distribution of the athletes being composed of a higher number of the DD genotype as compared to the control group. Conclusion: The study provides evidence of the allelic and genotypic influence of ACE polymorphism in amateur American football players in Brazil. Level of evidence II; Investigation of a diagnostic test.
Aims This study aimed to investigate the association of the salivary pH and parameters of oral health in Brazilian para‐athletes. Methods and results The sample was composed of 271 Brazilian para‐athletes (147 athletics, 61 powerlifting, and 63 swimming); mean age was 31.2 ± 11.7 years. Data collected during anamnesis, clinical examination, and saliva collection revealed that salivary pH was different among sports (p = .01) and tends to decrease as age and body mass index (BMI) increase (p = .026, .027, respectively). The mean decay missing filled teeth was 8.8 (±0.57), but there is no correlation with salivary pH (R2 = −0.0852; CI 95%, −0.215–0.047; p = .194) as habits of grinding, clenching teeth, or bruxism was not associated with salivary pH (p = .317, .932, and .444, respectively). Regarding breathing, para‐athletes that have buccal breathing had significantly higher salivary pH (p = .04). This data were confirmed by multiple logistic regression (p = .05). Open bite, lip seal, geographic or fissured tongue also were not associated with variation of salivary pH (p > .05). Conclusions This study provided evidence of an association between salivary pH with age, BMI, type of breathing, and type of sport practiced by the para‐athletes
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