“…Owing to the diverse array of desirable physical attributes in sport, several polymorphisms within the human genome have previously been highlighted. For example, the angiotensin-converting enzyme ( ACE ) and alpha-actinin-3 ( ACTN3 ) genes have both been linked with elite levels of athletic performance in endurance and/or strength/power dominant sports; including long distance running and swimming, road cycling, rowing, cross-country skiing, triathlons, sprinting, volleyball, track and field jumping and throwing, weightlifting, ice hockey, wrestling, and figure skating [ 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 ]. In addition, specific homozygous genotypes in the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma co-activator 1-alpha ( PPARGC1A ) gene and the beta-adrenergic receptors 1/2/3 ( ADRB 1/2/3 ) have been linked with higher maximal oxygen uptake (VO 2 max), better endurance performance and more favourable body mass index in long-distance runners, long-distance swimmers road cyclists, cross-country skiers, triathletes, sprinters, sprint swimmers, weight and power lifters, track and field jumpers and throwers, boxers, and kayakers [ 21 , 22 , 23 ].…”