Fourty-nine 12 months old children and their mothers were videotaped in Ainsworth's Strange Situation. Fourty-six of them were videotaped again in the same situation at 18 months with their fathers. Quality of attachment was determined by using Ainsworth's criteria. Fewer children had 'secure' relationships to their parents than in comparable U.S. samples. There was no correlation between infant-mother and infant-father quality of attachment relationship. The results are discussed in terms of parental attempts to cope with cultural demands imposed on them. These specific cultural demands may frequently interfere with the establishment of a securely attached relationship. On the other hand, they may be only transitory and appropriate from an adaptation to culture-specific expectancies point of view.

Background:A commercially available nanocrystalline hydroxyapatite paste Ostim ® has been reported in few recent studies to surpass other synthetic bone substitutes with respect to the observed clinical results. However, the integration of this implantable material has been histologically evaluated only in animal experimental models up to now. This study aimed to evaluate the tissue incorporation of Ostim ® in human cancellous bone after reconstructive bone surgery for trauma.

The purpose of our study was to test the effectiveness of Ostim nanocrystalline hydroxyapatite paste and Cerabone ceramic by treating a critical size bone defect (CSD) on the right foreleg of a white New Zealand rabbit. Evaluation was carried out by comparing four groups each with a different CSD filling: an only OSTIM bone filling, an only Cerabone filling, an OSTIM-Cerabone combination, and a control group with no filling of the CSD. The results of this study display a rapid and uniform bone ingrowth following the CSD filling with Ostim. The histological and histomorphometrical data have shown similarly excellent results for both the Ostim and Cerabone-Ostim groups. The control group faired poorly in comparison, as three cases of non-union were observed and none of the defects were totally refilled with fresh bone within 60 days. The successful bone healing with osseous consolidation verifies the importance of the nanocrystalline hydroxyapatite in the treatment of metaphyseal osseous volume defects in the metaphyseal spongiosa.

The use of the Ostim and Cerabone combination is an effective method in treating tibia compression fractures with large defect zones left after reduction.

In a prospective study, we used the nanocrystalline hydroxyapatite paste Ostim (Osartis, Obernburg, Germany) in combination with a palmar plate to treat comminuted radius fractures with a metaphyseal and articular component in order to examine the clinical use of Ostim as a bone substitute. Twenty-one patients with 22 radius fractures of AO types C2 and C3 were included in the study. The measurements, taken 10.2+/-1.3 months after the initial treatment, revealed a dorsopalmar tilt of 8.8+/-3.7 degrees , a radioulnar inclination of 18.8+/-2.8 degrees and an ulnar variance of 0.8+/-1.8mm. According to the Gartland and Werley evaluation, eight of the treated fractures attained an excellent, 11 a good and the remaining three a fair result. The study demonstrates that Ostim, in combination with angularly stable osteosynthesis, can be used as an acceptable bone substitute for the treatment of type C2 and C3 radial fractures.

BackgroundThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the performance a newly developed nanocrystalline hydroxyapatite, OSTIM® following functional implantation in femoral sites in thirty-eight sheep for 1, 2 or 3 months. Ostim® 35 was compared to an established calcium phosphate, Alpha BSM®.MethodsBiomechanical testing, μ-CT analysis, histological and histomorphological analyses were conducted to compare the treatments including evaluation of bone regeneration level, material degradation, implant biomechanical characteristics.ResultsThe micro-computed tomography (μCT) analysis and macroscopic observations showed that Ostim® seemed to diffuse easily particularly when the defects were created in a cancellous bone area. Alpha BSM® remained in the defect.The performance of Ostim was good in terms of mechanical properties that were similar to Alpha BSM® and the histological analysis showed that the bone regeneration was better with Ostim® than with Alpha BSM®. The histomorphometric analysis confirmed the qualitative analysis and showed more bone ingrowth inside the implanted material with Ostim® when compared to Alpha BSM ® at all time points.ConclusionsThe successful bone healing with osseous consolidation verifies the importance of the nanocrystalline hydroxyapatite in the treatment of metaphyseal osseous volume defects in the metaphyseal spongiosa.

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These results show that restorative proctocolectomy with ileal pouch-anal anastomosis and protective loop ileostomy significantly influences fluid, electrolyte, and acid-base balance. Functional secondary hyperaldosteronism is of central importance for subsequent renal recompensation. Approximately one-half year after ileostomy closure, the endogenous hormones with mineralocorticoid effects returned to normal levels.