Актуальность. В результате эпидемиологических исследований, проведенных в 2007 г., в г. Туринске Свердловской обла-сти была установлена избыточная концентрация йода в моче (медиана -1234 мкг/л) и высокая частота различной тире-оидной патологии у детей. Источником избыточного потребления йода предположительно являлась питьевая вода. Цель. Изучить последствия хронического избыточного потребления йода у населения Туринска. Материал и методы. Исследование проведено в двух городах Свердловской области: Туринске и Первоуральске. В обсле-дование было включено две группы детей: 97 в Первоуральске и 100 в Туринске, которые не различались между собой по возрасту, полу и площади поверхности тела, а также две группы взрослых по 100 человек в каждом городе, которые также были сопоставимы между собой по возрасту и полу. Всем испытуемым проводилось УЗИ щитовидной железы, у всех взрослых проводился забор венозной крови для определения тиреотропного гормона (ТТГ) и антител к тиреопероксида-зе, а у всех детей проводили забор капиллярной крови на фильтровальную бумагу для определения ТТГ и собирали разо-вую порцию мочи для определения концентрации йода. Концентрация йода также была исследована в 10 случайно ото-бранных образцах водопроводной воды, собранных в домохозяйствах Туринска. Результаты. Концентрация йода в водопроводной воде Туринска (629 мкг/л) в 5 раз превосходила предельно допустимую концентрацию. Медианная концентрация йода в моче в Туринске (719 мкг/л) была примерно в 6 раз выше, чем в Первоуральске -120,8 мкг/л. У детей из Туринска были установлены достоверно более высокие средние значения уровня ТТГ и частота диффузного зоба, чем у детей из Первоуральска. У взрослых добровольцев из Туринска по сравнению с испытуемыми из Первоуральска были установлены достоверно более высокие значения среднего уровня ТТГ, а также частоты субклинического гипотиреоза и аутоиммунного тиреоидита. Выводы. Подтвержден негативный эффект хронического избыточного потребления йода на функциональное состояние щитовидной железы и частоту тиреоидной патологии как у детей, так и у взрослых. Клю че вые сло ва: избыток йода, субклинический гипотиреоз, АИТ, диффузный зоб, ТТГ, содержание йода в моче, Туринск.Background. Previous surveys showed chronic iodine excess -median urinary iodine concentration (UIC) over 500 mcg/l -supposedly due to water contamination in population of Turinsk, a town in Sverdlovsk Region of Russia. Aim. Conduct an assessment of the effects of chronic iodine excess on thyroid function and spectrum of thyroid abnormalities in schoolchildren and adults. Materials and methods. Assessment was conducted in 100 schoolchildren and 100 adults residing in Turinsk and 97 schoolchildren and 100 adults in the control site (city of Pervouralsk) with optimal UIC. Assessment included thyroid ultrasonogrpahy, urinary iodine and dry spot TSH in schoolchildren and TSH and TPO-ab in adults. Iodine was also measured in random water samples from 10 households in Turinsk. Results. Median UIC in schoolchildren in Turinsk (719 mcg/l) was significan...
BACKGROUND: Toxic nodular goiter (TNG) is a rare disease in which the cause of hyperthyroidism is the presence of a node or nodes that autonomously secrete thyroid hormones. With children and adolescents this condition is extremely rare — in 5–7.5% of all cases of nodular goiter. Therapy of toxic nodular goiter is aimed at relieving the symptoms of hyperthyroidism taking into account the malignant potential of the nodular formation. In the available literature, there are no data on the clinical course, comparative results of cytological and histological data in patients with toxic nodular goiter, which debuted in their childhood.AIM: Analysis of the features of the clinical course, comparison of the results of cytological and histological studies of toxic nodular goiter in children and adolescents.MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective, single-center study of 21 patients with single-nodular toxic goiter, hospitalized at the Endocrinology Research Centre in the period from January 2016 to December 2019.RESULTS: The mean age at the time of the survey was 13.9 years. Thirteen patients (65%) had manifest thyrotoxicosis, and seven (35%) had subclinical hyperthyroidism. More than half of children — 57.1% (n = 12) did not receive thyreostatic therapy. The cytological picture in 11 patients (61.1%) corresponded to benign changes (nodular colloid goiter or adenomatous goiter) — Bethesda II, in 4 patients — follicular tumor — Bethesda IV, in 4 children the study was not informative. 19 patients (90.5%) underwent surgical treatment (hemithyroidectomy). According to the results of histological examination, follicular adenoma was found in 44.4% of children with nodular toxic goiter with benign results of TAB (Bethesda II) and was found in 50% with revealing follicular neoplasia (Bethesda IV).CONCLUSION: For the first time in the Russian Federation was carried out a comparative analysis of the characteristics of cytological and histological studies in children with toxic nodular goiter. It is significant that only in 10.5% (n=2) cytological and morphological results were consistent. The choice of radical treatment tactics should take into account the high frequency of mismatches between histological and morphological studies.
The aim of study was to research the state of iodine prophylactic in pregnant women in Russian Federation and offer the optimal levels of daily iodine intake during pregnancy and lactation.414 pregnant and breast-feeding women and 256 newborns from 3 various regions of Russian Federation were observed in this survey. Women have been divided into 2 groups: 1st group taking of 200 μg of KI per day, 2nd group 300 KI μg per day during pregnancy and lactation.The following surveys were performed: TSH; fT4; AT'TPO; urinary iodine concentration (UIC); indicators of hemoglobin, erythrocytes, hematocrit, iron, ferritin; ultrasound examination of a thyroid.Initially, the median of UIC in all regions is below threshold level 150 μg/l. In Nizhny Novgorod it is 140,8 μg/l; Smolensk -62,7 μg/l and Moscow Region 127,5 μg/l that confirms iodine insufficient in pregnant women.Optimal iodine nutrition during pregnancy and lactation is reached by the only regular iodine prophylactic, and the requirement of iodine should be at least 250 μg/day.With presence of the iron deficiency anemia which was revealed in 22,3% of pregnant women, efficiency of iodine prophylactic is decreasing and optimum preventive doses of iodine for the this category of pregnant women is at least300 μg/day.
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