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Roselle Hibiscus sabdarrifa calyces extracts modulates cardiovascular disease risk and kidney dysfunctions in diabetic rats

the clinical complications of diabetes mellitus connected to cardiac irregularities 3) . This affects more than 12％ of diabetic individuals worldwide, which could cause heart malfunction and later death. The main attributes of DCM include oxidative stress, fatigue, and cardiac hypertrophy amongst others 4) .Likewise, Bhattacharjee et al. 5) reported that continuous hyperglycemia in DM patients inflames the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) as well as inflammation; these perform an important function in DCM. In addition, accumulation of ROS activates overexpression of urotensin Abstract: Sterculia tragacantha (ST) Lindl leaf is commonly used locally in the management of diabetes mellitus (DM) and its complications. This study was aimed at assessing the valuable effects of ST leaf on streptozotocin-diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM). Streptozotocin was administered intraperitoneally to the experimental animals to induce DM, and hence, placed on different doses of ST for 14 days. Thereafter, on the 15 th day of the experiment, the animals were euthanized, and a number of cardiomyopathy indices were investigated. The diabetic rats exhibited a momentous increase in hyperlipidemia, lipid peroxidation as well as a significant (p < 0.05) decline in antioxidant enzyme activities. The serum creatine kinase MB (CK-MB), C-reactive protein (CRP), cardiac troponin I, tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and urotensin II expression revealed a significant (p < 0.05) upsurge in diabetic rats. Also, the expression of GLUT4 and fatty acid-binding protein 3 (FABP3) were significantly (p < 0.05) reduced in diabetic rats. However, at the conclusion of the experimental trial ST significantly (p < 0.05) attenuated hyperlipidemia, oxidative stress biomarkers by augmenting the antioxidant enzyme activities and decrease in lipid peroxidation, ameliorated CK-MB, CRP, cardiac troponin I, TNF-α, and urotensin-II levels, and improved GLUT4 and FABP3 expressions. Similarly, the administration of ST prevented histological alterations in the heart of diabetic animals. Therefore, the obtained results suggest that ST could mitigate DCM in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.

Diabetes mellitus is one of the most widespread diseases affecting the world’s population causing substantial morbidity, mortality and long-term complications. This study was designed to investigate possible hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic and antioxidant effect of ethanolic stem bark extract of Anacardium occidentale in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Twenty-eight STZ (60 mg/kg body weight)-induced diabetic, male albino rats were randomly distributed into Groups II-V (7 rats each) and orally administered with water, metformin (14.2 mg/kg), 200 mg/kg Anacardium occidentale extract and 400 mg/kg Anacardium occidentale extract respectively daily for 15 days. Group I rats were untreated with STZ and serves as control all under the same sham handling. Blood samples were taken for measurement of fasting blood glucose (FBG) and lipid profile. Liver and kidney tissue samples were taken for determination of glycemic indices (glucose and glycogen), as well as redox status markers such as malondialdehyde (MDA), total glutathione (GSH), activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione-s-transferase (GST). Results showed that treatment with 200 and 400 mg/kg Anacardium occidentale stem bark extract reversed hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia induced by STZ similar to what was observed with the standard drug, metformin. Similarly, both extract concentration produced a significant reduction in MDA while the activity of SOD and GST, as well as concentration of GSH were elevated. This study suggested that ethanolic stem bark extract of Anacardium occidentale at 200 and 400 mg/kg can ameliorate diabetes and its associated complications via its hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic, antioxidant and free radical scavenging properties

Heliotropium indicum (Indian heliotrope) belongs to family Boraginaceae, which has wide ethnopharmacological applications such as antiulcer, antirheumatism and anti-cholera. The aim of this study was to characterize the phytochemicals in H. indicum ethanolic leaves extract using Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and computationally assessed its pharmacokinetics profiles, molecular targets and infer overall medicinal application. The results showed twenty-nine (29) identified constituents of H. indicum in its ethanolic leaves extract from GC-MS, many of which are poorly soluble and have low gastrointestinal absorption (GIA). However, some of them are soluble with high GIA and could permeate blood brain barrier (BBB). The results showed that (+)-Isomenthol, and Ergost-22-en-3-ol are the two most active constituents of ethanolic leaves extract of H. indicum; targeting androgen receptor (AR) and transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 8 (TRPM8), which have implication in prostate cancer. Thus, H. indicum plant extract is a potential anti-PCa medicinal plants. However, there is need for in vivo and in vitro studies to validate these results, hence promoting these active compounds optimization and clinical evaluations in H. indicum.

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