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Background: Therapy-related acute myeloid leukemia (t-AML) is a well-recognized clinical syndrome occurring in a signif- icant fraction of patients who have undergone previous chemotherapy for a solid tumour. Objectives: We aim to evaluate the effect of aqueous extract of fresh Allium sativum cloves on haematological parameters, bone marrow and DNA of etoposide treated albino wistar rats. Decoction method was used to prepare plant extracts and the rats were weighed and divided into experimental and control groups. Blood and bone marrow sample were analysed and DNA fragment analysis was carried out. Results: There was progressive increase in the weight of animals that received distilled water only for the duration of the experiment while those that received etoposide only showed a sharp decrease in weight by the end of week 3. There was no significant difference in the mean of the haematological parameters in the test and control groups except for platelet count. The bone marrow smears showed no prevention of erythroblast fragmentation by the extract, in the same vein, DNA dam- age was not abated. Conclusion: Aqueous extract of fresh Allium sativum cloves may not be the option for the prevention of etoposide induced acute myeloid leukemia. Keywords: Allium sativum aqueous; chemo-protective effect; acute myeloid leukemia; albino-wistar rats.

ObjectiveTo analyze K-ras gene from induced pancreatic cancer rats administered with Momordicacharantia and Ocimumbasilicum leaf extracts.MethodsTwenty-five (25) adult rats weighing between 90–120 g were divided into 5 groups namely RA, RB, RC, NC and PC, each group had 5 rats. The PC which served as the control was fed with normal fish meal and water ad libitum; the NC which is the negative control received 20 mg/ml/week of Nitrosamines only while other groups received different concentrations of aqueous extract of both M.charantia and O.basilicum (200 mg, 100 mg, 50 mg) and Nitrosamine. Qualitative phytochemical screening of the aqueous extract of both M.charantia and O.basilicum was carried out. The extraction of DNA was done using Jena Bioscience DNA preparation kit and the protocol was based on the spin column based genomic DNA purification from blood, animal and plant cells. Agarose gel electrophoresis was used to analyze the K-ras gene extracted from the pancreas tissues of experimental rats while hematoxylinand eosin staining was used for histological assay.ResultsPhytochemical screening revealed the presence of alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids, saponins and glycosides in M.charantia while saponins, tannins and glycosides were discovered in O.basilicum. Significant reduction in the weight of rats treated with 200 mg of aqueous extracts of M.charantia and O.basilicum while rats that were dosed with nitrosamines only showed a slight increase in weight in the first three weeks when compared to the positive control. Histological studies revealed that there is both enlargement and reduction in the islet cell size, with one of the sections showing a normal islet cell size. While the agarose gel electrophoresis revealed that there may be possibility of prevention of damage to k-ras gene as a result of the effect of plants extract.ConclusionThis work has shown that the leaf extracts of both M.charantia and O.basilicum will serve as a measure against induced pancreatic cancer in rats.

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