Resumo -O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar alterações fisiológicas e isoenzimáticas em sementes de genótipos de soja, em diferentes condições de armazenamento. Utilizou-se o delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado com quatro repetições, em arranjo fatorial com seis cultivares de soja (TMG 1176, TMG 1179 e GB 874) e cinco periodos de armazenamento (0, 2, 4, 6 e 8 meses), em dois ambientes de armazenamento (câmara fria e seca, a 10ºC e 50% de umidade relativa; e armazém convencional, em condições não controladas). A qualidade fisiológica foi avaliada por meio de testes de germinação, de envelhecimento acelerado e de frio. As expressões isoenzimáticas determinadas foram as de malato desidrogenase (MDH), álcool desidrogenase (ADH), esterase (EST), isocitrato liase (ICL), superóxido dismutase (SOD) e peroxidase (PO). Sementes de soja armazenadas em câmara fria e seca conservaram sua qualidade fisiológica. Após seis meses de armazenamento, em condições não controladas, a qualidade das sementes e as atividades isoenzimáticas de MDH, ADH, EST, ICL, SOD e PO diminuíram. No armazenamento em câmara fria e seca, não ocorreu alteração nas sementes. Os genótipos de soja apresentam diferentes níveis de tolerância ao armazenamento e expressões isoenzimáticas.Termos para indexação: Glycine max, câmara fria, enzimas, potencial de armazenamento. Isozyme alterations in soybean cultivar seeds at different storage conditionsAbstract -The objective of this work was to determine the physiological and isozyme alterations in seeds of soybean genotypes, under different storage conditions. A completely randomized experimental design was used with four replicates, in a factorial arrangement with six soybean cultivars (TMG 1176, TMG 1179, TMG 132, TMG 133, TMG 115, and GB 874) and five storage times (0, 2, 4, 6, and 8 months), in two storage environments (a cold and dry chamber, at 10ºC and 50% relative humidity; and a conventional warehouse, under uncontrolled conditions). Physiological quality was evaluated by the germination, accelerated aging, and cold tests. Isozyme expressions of malate dehydrogenase (MDH), alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), esterase (EST), isocitrate lyase (ICL), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and peroxidase (PO) were determined. Soybean seeds stored in cold and dry chambers maintained their physiological quality. After six months storage under uncontrolled conditions, seed quality and isozyme expressions of MDH, ADH, EST, ICL, SOD, and PO lowered. There was no alteration on seed stored in cold and dry chambers. Soybean genotypes show different tolerance levels to storage and isozyme expression.Index terms: Glycine max, cold chamber, enzymes, storability. IntroduçãoPara a obtenção de produtividade satisfatória da soja, é necessária a utilização de sementes com elevada qualidade, entre outros fatores. Scheeren et al. (2010) verificaram que a produtividade resultante de lotes de sementes com alto vigor, pode ser 9% superior à de sementes com baixo vigor.No período pós-colheita, as sementes necessitam de armaz...

), aplicados em área total. As subparcelas constituíram as cinco doses do fertilizante mineral formulado NPK 04-30-10 (0; 100; 200; 300 e 400 kg ha -1 ), aplicados ao sulco de semeadura. A adubação com o fertilizante mineral proporciona aumento na altura de planta e de inserção do primeiro legume, número de legumes por planta e na produtividade de grãos da cultura da soja. A adubação com o resíduo orgânico "cama de frango" eleva a altura de planta e de inserção do primeiro legume, massa de 100 grãos, número de legumes por planta e o rendimento de grãos de soja, porém em doses mais elevadas favorece o acamamento das plantas. A utilização da cama de frango é viável em termos agronômicos e econômicos na cultura da soja. A adição de cama de frango eleva os teores de potássio e enxofre no solo. Palavras-chave -Adubação mineral. Adubação orgânica. Cama de frango. Glycine max.Abstract -The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of mineral fertilizer NPK associated with the organic waste "poultry litter" on the agronomic characteristics of soybean as well as nutrient levels in the Cambisol. The experiment was carried out in Itutinga, southern Minas Gerais state, Brazil, in a randomized blocks experimental design with three replications in split-plot. The cultivar used was BRS Favorita RR. The treatments applied to plots consisted on four doses of "poultry litter" (0; 3; 6 and 9 Mg ha -1 ), applied in the total area. The subplots were the five doses of mineral fertilizer NPK 04-30-10 (0; 100; 200; 300 and 400 kg ha -1 ), applied to the groove seeding. Fertilization with mineral fertilizers provides an increase in plant and first pod height, number of pods per plant and yield of soybean. Fertilization with organic waste "poultry litter" increases the plant and first pod height, weight of 100 grains, number of pods per plant and yield of soybean, however at higher doses favors the lodging of plants. The use of poultry litter is viable in agronomic and economic terms in the soybean crop. The addition of poultry litter increases the contents of potassium and sulfur in the soil.

Seeds treatment is a relevant factor in the soybean production system. The aim of this work was to evaluate composition and volumes of slurry used in industrial treatment of soybean seeds, and their physiological quality during storage. The experimental design was completely randomized, in a 20x4 factorial scheme, i.e. 20 seeds treatments and four storage periods (0, 30, 90 and 150 days). Seeds of the cultivars NS7667IPRO and NS7709IPRO were used. The slurry composition tested were a combination of fungicide and insecticide Standak top® (Fipronil + Piraclostrobin + Thiophanate Methyl), polymer L551Incotec® and water, in order to obtain the volumes of 450, 700 and 1200 mL.100 kg of seeds-1, and the controls treatment. The physiological quality was assessed by germination in sand and accelerated aging tests. Genotypes showed distinct tolerance to seed treatment industrial , slurry volumes and storage. Treatments with Standak top®, polymer and water, with volumes of up to 1200 mL.100 kg seed-1, and stored for 150 days in cold chamber were not harmful for germination of cultivar NS7667IPRO. As for cultivar NS7709IPRO, the tolerance was 90 days. Treating seeds with large slurry volumes is detrimental to maintain seeds vigor during storage, with depreciation after 30 days, especially with water predominance.

RESUMOEm função do seu potencial produtivo, a soja [Glycine max (L.) Merrill]ocupa posição de destaque na economia brasileira. O Sul de Minas Gerais apresenta crescente interesse pela cultura, principalmente para ser utilizada em rotação com o milho. Objetivou -se, com o presente trabalho, avaliar cultivares de soja adaptadas à região. Adotou -se delineamento experimental de blocos casualizados, com 3 repetições, em esquema fatorial 2 x 24, compreendendo dois locais (Lavras -MG e Itutinga -MG), e 24 cultivares de soja. A semeadura foi realizada na primeira quinzena and CAC 1, with yields ranging from 2958 to 3575 kg.ha -1 . All materials showed the degree of lodging, plant height and the first pod to be favorable to mechanized harvesting.

Seeds storing under appropriate conditions reduces the speed of the seeds deterioration process. The aim of this study was to evaluate pre-packing cooling and types of packages in the maintenance of the physiological quality of soybean seeds during storage. The completely randomized experimental design was used, with four replications, considering a factorial arrangement involving or not the pre-packing cooling of the seed mass, three types of packages (multi-layer paper bag, big bag, and polyethylene container), and five storing periods (0, 2, 4, 6 and 8 months). The physiological quality was evaluated by the tests of first germination count, germination, accelerated aging, electrical conductivity, emergence speed index and emergence. The use of packages with larger amount of seeds (big bag and polyethylene container) did not favor the maintenance of the pre-packing cooling temperature. The types of packages did not show significant differences in the seeds viability during storage, up to eight months, regardless the pre-packing cooling. The cultivars seeds showed different tolerance to storing, i.e. seeds of the cultivar TMG 1176 had lower storing potential comparing to the seeds from the cultivar SYN 9074.Index terms: germination, Glycine max, storability, storing conditions, vigor.Resfriamento pré-envase e tipo de embalagem na manutenção da qualidade fisiológica de sementes de soja ao longo do armazenamento RESUMO -O armazenamento de sementes sob condições adequadas reduz a velocidade do processo de deterioração de semente. O objetivo com o trabalho foi avaliar o resfriamento pré-envase e tipos de embalagem na manutenção da qualidade de sementes de soja ao longo do armazenamento. Utilizou-se o delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado com quatro repetições, em arranjo fatorial envolvendo ou não o resfriamento da massa de sementes antes do envase, três tipos de embalagens (sacaria de papel multifoliado, big bag e contêiner em polietileno) e cinco épocas de armazenamento (0, 2, 4, 6 e 8 meses). A qualidade fisiológica foi avaliada por meio de testes de primeira contagem de germinação, germinação, envelhecimento acelerado, condutividade elétrica, índice de velocidade de emergência e emergência. O uso de embalagens com maiores quantidades de sementes (big bag e contêiner) não favoreceu a manutenção da temperatura do resfriamento pré-envase. Os tipos de embalagem não proporcionaram diferenças na viabilidade de sementes de soja ao longo do armazenamento, até oito meses, independente do resfriamento antes do envase. As sementes das cultivares apresentaram diferentes tolerâncias ao armazenamento, sendo que as sementes da cultivar TMG 1176 RR possuem menor potencial de armazenamento em relação às sementes da cultivar SYN 9074 RR.Termos para indexação: armazenabilidade, condições de armazenamento, germinação, Glycine max, vigor.

Objetivou-se avaliar cultivares de soja quanto ao rendimento de grãos e outras características agronômicas em dois anos agrícolas, em cultivo de verão (2003/2004 e 2004/2005), buscando fornecer subsídios para a escolha adequada de cultivares para a região de Lavras-MG. Utilizou-se o delineamento experimental de blocos casualizados com três repetições onde os tratamentos foram dispostos em um esquema fatorial 2 x 40, compreendendo 2 anos agrícolas (2003/04 e 2004/05) e 40 cultivares de soja. A região de Lavras/MG é propícia para o desenvolvimento da cultura de soja, visto que as cultivares apresentaram características agronômicas desejáveis durante os dois anos de experimento, com produtividade média de 2870 kg.ha-1. As cultivares que destacaram-se na média dos dois anos de cultivo foram: Vencedora (4515 kg.ha-1), Conquista (4209 kg.ha-1) e Monarca (4121 kg.ha-1), rendimentos esses superiores a média nacional, tendo também apresentado condições satisfatórias para a colheita mecânica.

Due to increased use of treated seeds, studies are necessary in relation to the effects of the treatments and their possible consequences on seed quality. The aim of this study was to evaluate phytotoxicity according to when phytosanitary products are applied on soybean seeds and their effect on seed physiological quality and field performance. A completely randomized experimental design was used in a 9 × 2 factorial arrangement involving 9 seed treatments (fungicides and insecticides) and two application times (60 days before sowing and at the time of sowing in the field). Moisture content was determined and tests were performed to ascertain physiological quality (germination and germination under water restriction). Root and hypocotyl length, seedling length, and vigor and uniformity indices were evaluated with the assistance of Vigor-S®. In the field, the following determinations were made: plant height at 30 and 60 days after emergence, first pod height, number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod, and yield. Early seed treatment in the soybean crop can affect initial development of the plants, but it does not affect yield. The phytotoxicity caused by the soybean seed treatment was observed in the root length characteristic.

The use of an appropriate method that accurately expresses physiological seed quality and minimizes possible phytotoxicity by chemical products in laboratory testing with soybean seeds is relevant. The objective of this work was to evaluate the influence and infer the method adequacy for the representative evaluation of physiological quality of soybean seeds treated with phytosanitary products. Two experiments were carried out in a completely randomized design, with trial 1 in a 9×5 factorial scheme involving nine seed treatments, including fungicides and insecticides, and solutions with five osmotic potentials (0, -0.25, -0.5, -0.75 and -1.0 MPa) for wetting a paper substrate in a germination experiment, with evaluation of the normal seedlings at five and eight days after sowing. The second experiment consisted of a 9×7 factorial, with nine seed treatments and seven methods for germination evaluation at 5 days (between paper - BP, between sand - BS, between paper with water restriction - BPWR, between paper with preconditioning - BPC, sand between paper - SBP and vermiculite between paper - VBP). Treatments with insecticides affect seedling germination and evaluation, with greater phytotoxicity in relation to fungicides. Methods with readily available water led to greater phytotoxicity than methods with low water availability. For soybean germination evaluation of seeds treated with phytosanitary products, the BPC, SBP and VBP methods were optimal.