O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a resistência ao pulgão Myzus persicae em genótipos de tomateiro com altos teores foliares de aleloquímicos. Para tanto, foi realizado um teste de antibiose e dois testes de não preferência, um com pulgões alados e o outro com pulgões ápteros. Os genótipos utilizados foram as linhagens TOM-687 e TOM-688, ricas em acilaçúcares; ZGB-703 e ZGB-704, ricas em zingibereno; BPX-365G-899-07-04-02 e BPX-367E-238-02, ricas em 2-tridecanona; e dois híbridos comerciais usados como testemunhas, Débora Max e Bravo F1 que apresentam baixos teores dessas substâncias. Observou-se aumento do período ninfal dos insetos mantidos sobre os genótipos com altos teores de acilaçúcares, e diminuição do período reprodutivo, da longevidade e da produção de ninfas para pulgões mantidos sobre os genótipos com altos teores de acilaçúcares ou 2-tridecanona. Nos testes de não preferência não ocorreram diferenças significativas entre os genótipos. Conclui-se que os genótipos com altos teores de acilaçúcares ou 2-tridecanona possuem resistência do tipo antibiose a M. persicae.
The aim of this study was evaluate the physical and physico-chemical characteristics of extracted fruit pulp of passion fruit with different skin color (yellow, light and dark purple) under refrigeration temperatures and storage times. The extracted pulp of passion fruit was stored at different temperatures: 10 °C, 25 °C; -30 °C and -80 °C and at four different storage periods: 0; 10; 20 and 30 days. The following physical and physico-chemical characteristics of the fruit were evaluated: color of fruit peel, fruit weight, diameter, length and width of the fruit, peel thickness, peel mass, pulp mass, pulp color, juice yield, pH, soluble solids, titratable acidity and ratio. The physical and physico-chemical results indicate that all the passion fruit pulp, in natura as well as refrigerated, presented values in conformity to the identity and quality standards. The coloration of the fruit peel influenced the preservation of pulp color during the storage period and conditions. Purple fruits showed no change in the color of the pulp, even under different conservation procedures. The passion fruit pulp can be stored up to 30 days while preserving the physical and physico-chemical characteristics, similar to the pulp in natura.Keywords: fruit pulp; Passiflora; pulp quality; storage time; refrigeration.Practical Application: The preservation of the pulp for long periods while maintaining similar physical and physico-chemical properties as in fresh fruit is needed to meet the demands of consumers. The results presented in the paper showed that the pulp quality under freezing and ultra-freezing can be recommended without damaging the pulp quality up to 30 days.
Resistência de genótipos de couve-manteiga ao pulgão-verde e sua relação com a cerosidade foliar 1Resistance of kale genotypes to the green peach aphid and its relation to leaf wax ABSTRACT -The aim of this work was to evaluate the level of resistance of kale genotypes to the green peach aphid Myzus persicae, and its relationship to the wax present in the leaves. The test was carried out on twelve kale genotypes belonging to the germplasm bank of HortiAgro Seeds S. A. Epicuticular wax was extracted and quantified in the laboratory. Observations were also made using a scanning electron microscope, and a grading scale was used to assess the wax visually. Resistance to the aphid by antibiosis was tested, and the following parameters evaluated: nymphal period, pre-reproductive, reproductive and post-reproductive periods, total number of nymphs, average number of nymphs per day and longevity. The genotypes, UFLA-3, UFLA-4 and UFLA-6, presented the greatest wax content, with UFLA-6 displaying a higher level of resistance to the aphid. However, no relationship was found between wax content and resistance to the aphid in the group of kale genotypes studied.
ABSTRACT. The aim of this study was to estimate the genetic divergence between African cowpea lines from the Cowpea Germplasm Bank of Embrapa Meio-Norte, Brazil. The morphoagronomic diversity of 57 cowpea lines was assessed using multivariate analysis. The germplasm was evaluated in August 2009 using a randomized block design with three replications based on the following traits: number of pods per peduncle, pod length (PL), number of grains per pod (NGP), grain length (GRL), grain width, 100-grain weight (W100G), and yield. The heritability values of the traits PL, NGP, GRL, and W100G were all higher than 70%, indicating the possibility of genetic progress with selection. The crosses between the lines IT82D-889 and IT89KD-245, IT85F-1380 and IT89KD-245, and IT89KD-245 and IT98K-1092-1 could result in promising genetic combinations. The characteristics that contributed most to genetic divergence were W100G (49.7%), PL (16.7%), GRL (12.0%), and NGP (9.7%).
The objective of this study was to evaluate the radiation use efficiency (RUE) and canopy structure of elephant grass varieties (Cenchrus purpureus Schum.) of contrasting statures, under monocropping or intercropped with butterfly pea (Clitoria ternatea L.) in cut-and-carry systems. Two tall varieties (elephant B and IRI-381), and two dwarf ones (Mott and Taiwan A-146 2.37), were evaluated as monocrops or binary intercrops with the legume in a 2-year trial with eight harvests. Greater annual leaf biomass accumulation was observed in the monocrops of the tall variety elephant B (7.76 t/ha per year) and dwarf Mott (8.08 t/ha per year). Greater herbage bulk density (59 kg/ha per cm) and leaf area index (3.83) were recorded in canopies of dwarf Mott than in those composed of IRI-381 (37 kg/ha per cm and 3.48, respectively). In the first year, dwarf varieties Mott and Taiwan A-146 2.37 showed less RUE (0.89 and 0.84 g dry matter (DM)/MJ, respectively) than the elephant B (1.46 g DM/MJ). Higher non-fibre carbohydrate (NFC) contents were found in dwarf Mott under monocrop (180 g/kg) and in the intercrop systems. Tall varieties elephant B and IRI-381 showed greater efficiency in intercepting the radiation to accumulate herbage via stem accumulation. Dwarf Mott variety exhibited short stems and great leaf biomass accumulation that favoured denser canopies with higher content of NFCs in vegetal tissue. Planting butterfly pea into rows of elephant grass varieties can be adopted with no significant losses in RUE caused by light extinction, regardless of the grass stature.
The establishment of minimum growth conditions is essential for in vitro germplasm conservation. Changes to the basic medium and carbon source concentrations are important factors for reducing plant growth in vitro. This study adjusted a protocol for the in vitro conservation of ‘Florida Rough’ lemon plants. Microcuttings (approximately 1 cm) from plants that were previously cultivated in vitro were inoculated into test tubes with 10 mL of woody plant medium (WPM) at different concentrations (1/1, 1/2 and 1/4) and supplemented with 0, 12.5, 25 and 50 g.L-1 of sucrose, solidified with 7 g.L-1 agar and adjusted to pH 5.8. The experiment was completely randomized in a 3 x 4 factorial design with 15 replications and was maintained under controlled conditions for 360 days. After this period the plant height in cm (PH), the plant dry mass in g (PDM) and the 21 numbers of green leaves (NGL), senescent leaves (NSL) and microcuttings (NM) were evaluated. The variables that best explained the observed behavior of the ‘Florida Rough’ lemon plants were NGL and PH, with values of 61.63 and 35.08%, respectively. The original concentration of the WPM with the addition of 25 g. L-1 of sucrose yielded the best ‘Florida Rough’ lemon plant growth reduction in vitro while maintaining the physiologically health of the plants.
The objective of this study was to describe and explain the effect of adding corn meal (CM) on losses, fermentation characteristics and nutritional value of silages from two elephant grass [Cenchrus purpureus (Schumach.) Morrone] genotypes (Taiwan A-146 2.37 and IRI-381) mixed with butterfly pea (Clitoria ternatea L.) legume. The forage was harvested at 75 days of regrowth from elephant grass plots intercropped with butterfly pea legume and ensiled with or without CM at 5% of dry matter (DM) content. Greater gas losses (12 g/kg) and pH (4.2) were observed in the Taiwan A-146 2.37 + butterfly pea silages. The greatest crude protein content was observed in the ‘Taiwan A-146 2.37’ + butterfly pea silage added with CM (116 g/kg). Silages with additive and those containing IRI-381 had a greater acid detergent fibre content (367 and 366 g/kg, respectively). CM increased the silage DM (221 g/kg), remaining water-soluble carbohydrates contents (26 g/kg) and in vitro digestibility of DM. The aerobic stability was maintained until 45 h after opening the silos. All silages presented a good fermentative profile and were not affected by the relatively large proportion of butterfly pea (>34%) in the ensiled mass as indicated by the reduced contents of butyric acid and ammonia nitrogen. CM reduces total losses, increases DM recovery and improves the nutritional value of silages from mixed elephant grass–butterfly pea legume.
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