In the literature, quite limited research exists on the subject of Society 5.0. The present study examined the existence of Society 5.0 and the effectiveness of Industry 4.0 and evaluated the efficiency of United Nations Development Goals (SDGs) in this process, especially in Turkey. The research was carried out based on data obtained through a survey form with 30 questions which was conducted with 335 academicians working at Kafkas University. The data were analyzed by means of exploratory factor analysis with the SPSS program, confirmatory factor analysis with AMOS, and structural equation modeling with Smart PLS. The analysis results indicated that SDG9, SDG10, SDG11, SDG12, SDG13, and SDG14 had a low influence (i.e., R2: 0.172) on the application of Industry 4.0 and Society 5.0. Moreover, it was observed that the participants were heavily affected by order of the day and gave responses to the questions with that impact. The study also revealed that Turkey did not have a leading philosophy in the field of Society 5.0 and Industry 4.0 and made progress by concentrating on out-dated processes.
In recent years, the speed of digitalisation in nearly all fields has led organizations to actively use digital tools, practice working methods that are compatible with daily requirements, and adjust themselves to the process compositionally. The concept of digital leadership can be defined as the result of this necessity. Digital leaders focus on basic dynamics of the present world, can achieve digital transformation, and equate learning culture and the structure of an organization with digital standards. In this respect, to measure digital leadership understanding in Turkey, the present study adapted the scale, developed by Zeike et al. (2019) to Turkish and analyzed its reliability and validity. In the study, the first test was conducted with 135 teachers working in Kars, while the second test was conducted with 334 academicians. The adaptation of the scale into Turkish was achieved in the research by making the analyses of normality, correlation, and exploratory factor analysis through the SPSS program and by making confirmatory factor analyses through the AMOS program. The reliability and validity of the scale obtained were achieved by gathering it under a single dimension.
It is possible to define digital leadership as a type of leadership that is informed about digital technologies that help the digital transformation of employees and businesses and is also fed by modern leadership theories. The concept of digital leadership has come to the fore, particularly with Industry 4.0. Digital leadership is seen as an element that positively affects organizational culture and helps the development of the organization. Following the Covid-19 pandemic, businesses have experienced a considerable digital transformation, and it has been realized that digital leadership is now inevitable for businesses. Digital transformation is expected to contribute to the productivity and production of enterprises. The present study focused on the ability of digital leadership to avoid social loafing, which is negative organizational behavior. In particular, the extent to which job performance losses caused by social loafing were moderated by digital leadership was measured. In this regard, questionnaire forms were prepared and sent to 308 people. The collected data were interpreted by means of the Smart PLS program, and the results were obtained. In this respect, it is found that digital leadership has a moderating impact on the effect of social loafing on job performance. It is thought that the source of this effect could be explained in accordance with Social Impact Theory, Upper Echelon Theory, and Strategic Action Area Theory.
Digital leadership emerges as the reflection of technological innovation in business life into administration mentality. As well as possessing leadership skills, digital leaders can be defined as leaders who are talented in terms of information technologies, visionary, can think innovatively, increase the corporation’s performance and create the transformation required by the business. The literature emphasizes that digital leadership practices and digital transformation efforts can fail due to fear of being unemployed, the tendency to maintain the usual, and showing resistance to transformation. However, it is realized that these approaches are generally based on foresight and are not supported by real practices. In this regard, the mediating effect of job security satisfaction of employees on the impact of digital leadership upon job satisfaction and life satisfaction is tried to be explained with application findings by utilizing from Resource Based View (RBV). The study was conducted with 403 employees working in an industrial organization. The data obtained were analysed through the Smart-PLS program, and the mediating effect was measured using a structural equation model. The model found that digital leadership had a significant effect (0.199) on job satisfaction, digital leadership had a significant effect (0.182) on life satisfaction, and digital leadership had a significant effect of 0.312 on the perception of job security. Once again, it was found that the perception of job security had a partial mediating effect (0.156) on the effect of digital leadership upon job satisfaction, and the perception of job security had a partial mediating effect (0.150) on the effect of digital leadership upon life satisfaction. The present study indicated that in a well-designed digital transformation, digital leaders could increase employees’ job and life satisfaction, and job security had a mediating impact upon this increase. Digital transformation in businesses creates an environment that allows high-performing employees to stand out more than low-performing employees and to display their talents. Thus, it could be stated that digital technologies have a significant effect on the prominence of talented individuals and increase employees’ job satisfaction and life satisfaction by utilizing RBV, as well. As a consequence of its structural characteristics, digital leadership paves the way for more effective use of human resources in the enterprise, the realization of the necessary organizational transformation, and the increase in the perception of job security of the employees thanks to the contribution it provides to the qualitative improvement of the organization.
Amaç –Literatürde girişimcilik ve işsizlik kavramlarını konu edinen SSCI düzeyinde eserleri belirleyerek, Türkiye adresli yayınların sayı ve etkinliği üzerinde değerlendirme yapmak, yine alan yazındaki boşlukları tespit ederek, yeni çalışmalara önerilerde bulunmaktır.Yöntem –Araştırmada kullanılan yöntem, bibliyometrik analiz yöntemidir. Bu çalışma kapsamında yapılan sorgulama ile elde edilen veriler, bibtex formatında WoS veri tabanından indirilerek, R 4.2.2 paket programı eklentisi olan biblimetrix ile incelenmiştir. Çalışma verileri Web of Science veri tabanından alınmıştır. Verilerin toplanması için “unemployment” and “entrepreneurship” kelimeleri aratılarak ortaya çıkan sonuçlar incelenmiştir. Web of Science veri tabanı üzerinden 1.645 çalışmaya ulaşılmıştır. Söz konusu çalışmalar içerisinden 2013 ile 2022 yılları arasında yayınlanmış, Social Sciences Citations Index (SSCI) indeksinde yayınlanan, İngilizce makaleler filtrelenerek veri seti oluşturulmuştur. Yapılan filtreleme işlemi sonrasında çalışma 429 makale ile sürdürülmüştür. Bulgular –Girişimcilik ve işsizlik temalı çalışmalar incelendiğinde yapılan çalışma sayısının en fazla 74 eserle 2021 yılında olduğu, çalışmalara yapılan atıf sayısının 21.809 düzeyinde olduğu görülmektedir. Kavramlara ilişkin yapılan yayınlar arasında Türkiye merkezli çalışmalar sınıflandırıldığında 1 adet bildiri (Kum ve Karacaoğlu, 2010), 2 adet yüksek lisans tezi (Balkaya, 2017; Sezer Akgün, 2019), 1 adet makale (Çetintaş vd., 2018) bulunduğu görülmüştür. Söz konusu bu durum, akademik anlamda kavramlara gösterilen ilginin eksikliğinin bir göstergesi olarak kabul edilebilir.Tartışma –Kavramlara ilişkin ülkemizde akademik ilginin son derece az olduğu, yapılan az sayıda eserin neredeyse hiç atıf almadığı görülmektedir. Uluslararası literatürde bu kadar yaygın bir konunun ülkemizde işlenmemesi ve araştırmacıların bu konulara ilgisizliğinin tespit edilmesi, yapılan çalışmanın önemini göstermektedir.
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