The question of how games should be taught is still a controversial subject. There has been a growing number of studies on teaching games and coaching sports since the first publication of Bunker and Thorpe on Teaching Games for Understanding (TGfU). In this sense, the present systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to systematically review the scientific literature about the effects of technical and tactical approach interventions on skill execution and decision making, and to examine the influence of the teacher/coach management style. A systematic literature search was carried out in accordance with PRISMA guidelines in Web of Science (WOS), PubMed (Medline), Scopus, and SportDiscus electronic databases. A total of seven and six studies were deemed to meet the inclusion criteria for decision making and skill execution, respectively. Meta-analysis results showed that tactical interventions achieved significant improvements in decision making (effect size = 0.89 with 95% confidence interval (CI) from 0.12 to 1.65), but they did not show significant improvements in skill execution (effect size = 0.89 with 95% CI from −0.45 to 2.23) compared to technical approaches. However, the heterogeneity of interventions was large and the quality of evidence was low according to GRADE. In conclusion, tactical approaches are recommended to teach games and sports in order to develop technique, understanding, tactical knowledge, and decision making, which are demanded in game play. These findings could be useful for teachers and coaches to improve these aspects of their players and students.

The aim was to review the effects of cooperative learning interventions on intrinsic motivation in physical education students, as well as to conduct a meta-analysis to determinate the overall effect size of these interventions. The PRISMA guidelines were followed to conduct this systematic review and meta-analysis. The PEDro Scale was used to assess the risk of bias and the GRADE approach was used to evaluate the quality of the evidence. A total of five studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria and they were included in the meta-analysis. Effect size for intrinsic motivation of each study was calculated using the means and standard deviations of the Perceived Locus of Causality Scale (PLOC) before and after the intervention. The overall effect size for intrinsic motivation was 0.38 (95% CI from 0.17 to 0.60) while the heterogeneity was large. Although four of the five studies reported significant within-group improvements in intrinsic motivation, only three studies showed significant between-group differences in favor of the experimental group. The findings showed that program duration and participant age may be relevant factors that must be considered by educators and researchers to conduct future effective interventions. Cooperative learning interventions could be a useful teaching strategy to improve physical education students’ intrinsic motivation. However, given the large heterogeneity and the low quality of the evidence, these findings must be taken with caution.

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El presente trabajo forma parte de una investigación más amplia en la que se trata de analizar la educación física en la etapa de secundaria. El estudio que a continuación se expone se centra específicamente en analizar la importancia que tiene la expresión corporal respecto a otros bloques de contenido, así como los factores que condicionan al docente a la hora de impartir dichos contenidos. Para ello se le suministró un cuestionario a un total de 63 profesores/as de educación física de Educación Secundaria. Los datos expuestos pertenecen a la dimensión de contenido, y fueron analizados usando el paquete estadístico SPSS (13.0). Entre los principales resultados encontramos que la expresión corporal es el bloque menos valorado por los docentes de educación física, y que los principales factores que justifican la escasa presencia de este contenido hacen referencia a la poca formación en este campo, a la falta de experiencias previas y a la escasa demanda del alumnado.Palabras clave: expresión corporal, programación educación física, formación inicial y permanente, educación secundaria.Abstract: This work is part of a wider research which aims at analising physical education in secondary education. Thus, the study is specifically focused on analising the importance of body language over the blocks of contents, and those factors that influence the teacher when teaching such content. This questionnaire was provided to 63 physical education teachers at secondary education. Data shown belong to the content dimension and were analyzed by using SPSS (13.0). Among the main results we found that body language is the least valued block by teachers, and that the main factors underlying the limited use of this content refer to the little training in this field, the lack of previous experiences and poor demand of the students.Keywords: body language, physical education programming, initial and ongoing training, secondary education.

A systematic review of the literature was conducted to analyse the factors that affect the probability of the paediatric asthma population suffering from COVID-19 or SARS-CoV-2, such as asthma phenotypes, inhaled corticosteroids, and the effects of lockdown. This systematic review was based on PRISMA guidelines. A bibliographic search was conducted using BNE, BVS (LILAC), CSIC (IME, ISOC), IBECS, Scielo, Scopus, Medline, and PubMed, using the following search profile: (COVID-19 or 2019-NCOV or SARS-CoV-2 or COV-19) AND asthma AND (children or adolescents or youths or children or teenagers). The results were limited to those articles published between December 2019 and December 2020, selecting only articles published in Spanish, English and French that included the study population (children aged 0–18 years). Among the 1066 results of the bibliographic search and seven articles selected from a manual search, only 19 articles were found to fit our eligibility criteria. Most of the articles highlight the effects of lockdown on the paediatric asthma population, increased therapeutic compliance, and the role of inhaled corticosteroids and intrinsic factors such as ACE2 receptors as causes of the decreased prevalence of COVID-19 among the paediatric asthma population. This population has unique characteristics that serve as protective factors against COVID-19. The safety measures implemented during the lockdown period along with inhaled corticosteroid treatment also contributed to this protection.

The aim of this study was to investigate the risk of dependency on physical exercise in individual sportspeople and the relationship with body dissatisfaction and motivation. Two hundred and twenty-five triathletes, swimmers, cyclists, and athletics competitors aged 18 to 63 years old took part in the study, of which 145 were men (M = 35.57 ± 10.46 years) and 80 were women (M = 32.83 ± 10.31 years). The EDS-R (Exercise Dependence Scale-Revised) was used to study dependency on exercising, the Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ) was used to study body dissatisfaction, the Behaviour Regulation in Exercise Questionnaire (BREQ-3) was used to determine the participants’ motivation and the BIAQ was used to analyse conducts of avoidance to body image. The obtained results show that 8.5% of the subjects have a risk of dependency on exercise and 18.2% tend to have corporal dissatisfaction, without meaningful differences in the kind of sport they practiced. However, there were important differences concerning the dependency on physical exercise (15% vs. 4.8%) and body dissatisfaction (31.1% vs. 11%) in relation to sex, with the higher percentages referring to women. Introjected regulation and the conduct of food restriction were predictor variables of the dependency on exercise and corporal dissatisfaction. Also, the number and duration of sessions; the age of the participants; the integrated, introjected, and external regulations surrounding social activities; and eating restraints could all predict dependence on physical exercise (DPE).

La Biodanza es una disciplina emergente que parece estar relacionada con la salud y el bienestar. Basada en un sistema integrador de disciplinas como la danza, la música y sobre todo la expresión corporal, que permite a los participantes adaptar su nivel inicial y sus capacidades. Para conocer los beneficios que aporta la práctica de biodanza se hace necesario la revisión sistemática de la literatura científica. El objetivo fue realizar una revisión sistemática de la literatura científica sobre biodanza y su relación con la salud. Método: se identificaron los estudios en las bases de datos Web of Science y Scopus hasta enero de 2020. Se seleccionaron las investigaciones de diseño cuantitativo, publicadas en inglés o castellano. Tras el cribado, se identificaron nueve artículos que cumplían los criterios de inclusión. Resultados: la biodanza muestra resultados positivos sobre la salud de mujeres con fibromialgia, así como en población general y niños. Las variables analizadas fundamentalmente fueron depresión, ansiedad, calidad del sueño, manejo del dolor, o inteligencia emocional. Conclusiones: los estudios muestran una relación positiva entre los practicantes de biodanza y algunos parámetros de salud, especialmente variables referidas al bienestar, así como una clara utilidad en el trabajo comunitario y la promoción de la salud. Los estudios son escasos y las muestras no son aleatorias, por lo que no se pueden generalizar fácilmente los resultados. Abstract. Biodanza is an emerging discipline apparently related to health and well-being. It is based on an system integrating disciplines such as dance, music, and, particularly, body expression, which allows participants to adapt their initial level and abilities. In order to know the benefits of the practice of biodanza, it is necessary to systematically review the scientific literature related to it. Objective: this article aims to systematically review the benefits of biodanza on health. Method: the studies were identified in the databases until December 2018. Quantitative design research, published both in English and Spanish, were selected. Nine articles meeting the inclusion criteria were identified. Results: biodanza shows positive results on the health of women with fibromyalgia, as well as in the general population and children. Depression, anxiety, quality of sleep, or emotional intelligence were among the health variables analyzed. Conclusions: the studies show a positive relationship between biodanza practitioners and some health parameters, especially wellbeing variables. Biodanza seems to have also a clear utility in community work and health promotion. The studies are still scarce and the samples are not random, so the results cannot be easily generalized.

El presente estudio persigue como principal objetivo concretar las actividades de tiempo libre practicadas en una muestra de escolares, así como los hábitos de alimentación y la relación entre éstos y el tiempo en familia. La muestra la componen 392 escolares de 11 a 17 años de un municipio onubense. Se ha administrado el cuestionario Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC-2010), en su versión española. Para este trabajo, se utilizaron las variables alimentación, actividad física y tiempo libre y familia. Se realizó un análisis descriptivo de las variables, el estadístico T de Student para comparar grupos (chicos y chicas), y se utilizó una ANOVA para comparar dichas variables por curso. Para analizar las asociaciones entre la actividad física (AF), el tiempo libre y el ocio familiar se utilizó el coeficiente de la correlación de Pearson. Los resultados mostraron que el 27% practica actividad física a diario, las chicas practican menos que los chicos y los estudiantes de la Educación Secundaria Obligatoria (ESO), practican menos que los de Primaria. Aunque conforme aumenta la edad realizan más actividades junto a la familia, destacando el deporte. Abstract. The main purpose of this study is to analyze and define leisure activities and eating habits within a sample of students, as well as to evaluate the relationship between these variables and the time spent interacting with their family. The sample consisted of 392 students aged 11 to 17 years in a town in the province of Huelva, Spain. The questionnaire applied was the Spanish version of the Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC-2010). For this work, we have used the variables health, nutrition, physical activity and leisure, and family. We performed a descriptive analysis of the variables, a Student t statistic to compare groups (boys and girls), and ANOVA was used for comparing these variables by course. Pearson's correlation coefficient was used in order to analyze associations between physical activity, spare time, and family leisure. The results show that 27% of the students in the sample usually practice physical activity on a daily basis; girls were less likely to practice than the boys; finally, teenagers at higher levels of compulsory education are less prone to do sport than primary school students. As their age increases, they tend to do more activities with the family, particularly sport.