Objective: To evaluate the effects of space maintainers on plaque accumulation, periodontal health and oral microflora. Subjects and Methods: The study participants comprised 38 patients aged 4-10 years requiring either fixed or removable space maintainers. Plaque index, gingival index, bleeding on probing index, candidal colonization and Enterococcus faecalis were recorded just before the application of space maintainers (T0) and during treatment at the 1st (T1), 3rd (T2) and 6th (T3) month. Results: The gingival and bleeding on probing index scores increased significantly (gingival index from 0.20 ± 0254 to 0.54 ± 0417 and bleeding on probing index from 7.18 ± 9.946 to 18.07 ± 14.074) in the regions with fixed space maintainers at T3 (p < 0.01). The mean Candida counts also increased (for removable appliances from 1.90 ± 3.638 to 1.98 ± 3.318, p < 0.05, and for fixed appliances from 4.25 ± 4.587 to 4.52 ± 4.431, p < 0.001). The salivary E. faecalis counts at T3 also increased significantly with the use of fixed and removable appliances (for removable appliances from 5.93 ± 2.65 to 85.53 ± 34.1 and for fixed appliances from 4.95 ± 2.94 to 123.59 ± 29.51, p < 0.001). A positive correlation was found between the plaque (r = 0.67), gingival (r = 0.76) and bleeding on probing index scores (r = 0.76) and the candidal colonization for the fixed space maintainers (p < 0.01, p < 0.001). Conclusions: In this study, both fixed and removable space maintainers led to an increase in the number of microorganisms in the oral cavity as well as to increases in the periodontal index scores. Patients should be informed that space maintainers may serve as a source of infection and that special attention must be given to their oral hygiene.

Ö ÖZ ZE ET T A Am ma aç ç: : Dental travmatik yaralanmalar, süt ve daimi dişlerde sık gözlenen problemler arasında yer almaktadır. Dünya genelinde dental travmatik yaralanmalar çeşitli frekanslarda rapor edilmesine karşın; Doğu Anadolu'da dental travma sıklığı ile ilgili veriler sınırlıdır. Bu çalışmada, İnönü Üniversitesi Diş Hekimliği Fakültesi Pedodonti Anabilim Dalına dört yıllık süre (Ocak 2010-Ocak 2014) içinde başvurmuş olan 1-13 yaş arası çocuk hastalarda dental travma sıklığı, ilişkili faktörler ve tedavi prosedürleri araştı-rılmıştır. G Ge er re eç ç v ve e Y Yö ön nt te em ml le er r: : Dört yıllık bir periyotta Malatya ve çevre illerden İnönü Üniversitesi Diş Hekimliği Fakültesi Pedodonti Anabilim Dalına başvuran 1-13 yaş arası 22,648 çocuk hastanın 237'sinde travma hikâyesi tespit edilmiştir. Süt ve daimi dişlerde travmanın tipi, cinsiyet ve yaş grupları arasındaki fark, travmanın sebebi ki-kare testi kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir. Yaşlara göre dental travmanın dağılımı ise kübik regresyon analizi ile hesaplanmıştır. B Bu ul lg gu ul la ar r: : Dört yıllık izlem süresince Malatya ve civarı illerden kliniğimize başvuran 1-13 yaş arası çocuklarda dental travma insidansı %1,04 olarak belirlenmiş-tir. En çok karşılaşılan dental travma tipi daimi dişlerde "mine-dentin kırığı" (%34; 130 diş) süt dişlenmede ise "intrüziv luksasyon" (%34; 26 diş) olarak saptanmıştır. Üst orta kesici dişlerin dental travmadan en çok etkilenen dişler olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Travmatik dental yaralanmaların en çok yaz mevsiminde (p<0,05) ve düşme nedeni ile gerçekleştiği belirlenmiştir. Hastaların çoğu (%45) travmadan sonraki bir-üç gün içe-risinde, %19'u ise bir yıl sonra kliniğimize başvurmuştur. S So on nu uç ç: : Travmadan sonra hastaların önemli bir bölümünün (%19) semptom oluşmadan tedaviye başvurmadıkları saptanmıştır. Doğu Anadolu bölgesinde yaşayan öğretmenler, ebeveynler ve çocuklar, dental travma gerçekleştiğinde ne yapılması gerektiği ve travma sonrası hemen bir diş hekimine başvurmanın önemi hakkında uyarılmalıdır.A An na ah h t ta ar r K Ke e l li i m me e l le er r: : Diş yaralanmaları; retrospektif çalışmalar; çocuk diş hekimliği; önleme ve kontrol A AB BS S T TR RA AC CT T O Ob bj je ec ct ti iv ve e: : Traumatic dental injuries are among the problems commonly observed in the primary and permanent teeth. A variety of frequencies have been reported for dental trauma all over the world. However, data about the frequency of dental trauma in Eastern Anatolia is limited. This study investigated the total frequency, associated factors and treatment procedures of dental trauma of 1 to 13-yearold patients who visited

Traumatic dental injuries(TDI) is an important public health problem because of its

Aim: The degree of vertical (intrafamilial) and horizontal (extrafamilial) transfer of Streptococcus mutans ( S. mutans) to a child shows differences according to cultures. The wrong care habits may result in transfer of S. mutans. The aim of this study was to determine the vertical and horizontal transmission of S. mutans to a child and effective factors. Materials and Methods: Mothers and kindergarten staff of 37 children aged between 4 and 5 years who initially started in two kindergartens (Group 1, n = 19; Group 2, n = 18) were included in this in vivo study according to 95% reliability and 80% theoretical power. Intraoral examination of mothers and children made according to the World Health Organization criteria (dmf-t/DMF-T) was done, following which mothers were asked to fill questionnaire forms including knowledge and attitudes of them about oral/dental health care. 1 mL saliva samples received from children/mothers/staff were examined microbiologically in order to isolate and quantify S. mutans. Arbitrarily primed polymerase chain reaction analysis was done to determine the genetic characteristics of S. mutans. All examinations were repeated to evaluate the horizontal transmission in the fifth month. Parametric tests ( t-test and two-way analysis of variance) were employed for comparison of the variables that meet the normality assumption and nonparametric tests (Mann–Whitney) were also used. Results: It was observed that there is a statistically significant correlation between mother DMF-T values and mother–child S. mutans similarity level ( P < .05). There is a statistically positive correlation between the habits of using a common fork, spoon, glass, and mother–child similarity level. Conclusion: Vertical and horizontal transfers occurred in Turkish families in order to prevent the transfer of S. mutans; wrong baby care habits that may lead to the transfer of S. mutans, which is the main factor in case of tooth decay, should be avoided.

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