Objective. The measurement of aortic pulse wave velocity (PWV ao

The enhanced wave reflection in small children is a well-known phenomenon. It is explained on the basis of differences in the body height and the timing of wave reflection. This hypothesis still has not been proved directly. The aim of our study was to determine the reference values of aortic augmentation index (Aix(ao)) and the simultaneously measured return time of the systolic pulse wave (RT) in relation to the body height to test this hypothesis. Aix(ao) and RT were measured by Arteriograph in a healthy population aged 3-18 years (n = 4619, 2489 males). The Aix(ao) decreased with increasing age in boys from 18.6 ± 8.4% to 4.7 ± 4.3% and in girls from 22.3 ± 9.2% to 8.1 ± 5.1%, whereas the RT increased from 115.5 ± 16.3 ms to 166.7 ± 20.8 ms in boys and from 106.7 ± 21.9 ms to 158.1 ± 15.5 ms in girls. These changes were constant during childhood, but they slowed down after the onset of puberty. Because aortic pulse wave velocity (PWV(ao)) measured in the same population was unchanged during childhood, the increase of RT can only be explained by the increase of aortic length due to growth. In the puberty PWV(ao) starts increasing indicating that RT (Aix(ao)) does not follow the increase (decrease) of aortic length proportionally.

Sudden death in young competitive athletes can be avoided by implementation of pre-participation screening programmes. A screening programme should be performed only by trained physicians and should include the athlete's personal and family history, physical examination results, and the readings from a 12-leadelectrocardiogram. The athlete should undergo this screening programme every second year to detect progressive diseases. In addition, the programme should include detailed instructions to the athletes to pause training during infections in order to prevent sudden death due to myocarditis.

We applied a feasible, clinically useful method which allowed us to measure changes in aortic PWV and Alx during acute, single-bout exercise on the basketball court in young sportsmen.

Background/Aims: The prevalence of overweight and obesity in children and adolescents is increasing worldwide, and this condition is a risk factor for cardiovascular mortality. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of overweight and obesity among the 3–18-year-old population in Szolnok City and the surrounding areas. Methods: Anthropometric data from healthy, white individuals recruited from nursery, elementary, and secondary schools were used to assess the prevalence of obesity and overweight in Szolnok City and the surrounding area, Jász-Nagykun-Szolnok county, Hungary. Healthy subjects numbering 6,824 (54% boys) were included; overweight and obesity were defined according to the relevant guidelines. Results: Overweight individuals constituted 13.4% of the population and 6.6% were obese. The total prevalence was higher in boys (21.6%) than in girls (18.1%). The peak of the prevalence was observed at age 10 in both sexes (boys 33%, girls 27%) followed by a gradual decrease, which was more significant in the case of girls. Conclusions: On the basis of the recent Hungarian data, we have not detected any changes in overweight and obesity in the age group 3–9 years and we have found a significant decrease in the age group 7–14 years. Prevention of overweight and obesity in early childhood is essential.

Prevalence of overweight (OW) and obesity (O) in children and adolescents has been increased in the past three decades. Increased arterial stiffness measuring by aortic pulse wave velocity (PWV ao) might be detected in OW/O children and adolescents. The aim of our study was to compare the arterial function parameters (AFPs), such as PWV ao ; aortic augmentation index (Aix ao); aortic systolic blood pressure (SBP ao) and brachial systolic blood pressure (SBP brach) measured simultaneously in O/OW patients and healthy subjects. In our study 6,816 subjects (3,668 boys) aged 3-18 years were recruited and categorized by their body mass index (BMI) into normal weight (N), OW and O groups regarding their age and sex. AFPs were measured by a non-invasive, occlusive-oscillometric device. 19.9% (n = 1,356) of the population were OW/O, 911 (516 boys) were OW and 445 (272 boys) were O. After accounting for the effect of covariates, PWV ao did not differ significantly between N (5.9 ± 0.8 m/s) and OW patients (5.9 ± 0.8 m/s); and N (6.0 ± 0.7 m/s) and O patients (6.0 ± 0.8 m/s). Aix ao was significantly lower in OW (9.3 ± 7.4% vs. 7.6 ± 7.0%, p < 0.00001) and in O patients (9.7 ± 8.1% vs. 6.6 ± 7.2%, p < 0.00001) compared to controls. No significant difference was found regarding SBP ao values between controls and OW and O groups (N = 110.7 ± 12.4 mmHg vs. OW = 110.3 ± 11.9 mmHg; N = 115.6 ± 14.0 mmHg vs. O = 114.3 ± 12.8 mmHg). According to our results we may conclude that the unchanged PWV ao in O/OW subjects might be due to the compensatory decrease in Aix ao , referring to enhanced vasodilatory status in the studied population.

No abstract

Absztrakt: Bevezetés: Napjainkban világszerte folyamatosan emelkedik a túlsúly és az elhízás előfordulási gyakorisága. Ez a jelenség nemcsak a felnőtt-, hanem a gyermek- és serdülőpopulációt is érinti. Ugyanakkor a túlsúly és az elhízás nem csupán kórállapotok, hanem számos egyéb megbetegedésnek, így emelkedett és magas vérnyomásnak a kialakulásához is vezethetnek. Célkitűzés: Célunk az volt, hogy megvizsgáljuk a túlsúlyhoz és az elhízáshoz társult emelkedett és magas vérnyomás előfordulási gyakoriságát magyarországi 3−18 éves korú populációban. Módszer: A vizsgálatba 2005 és 2018 között összesen 8624 (fiú = 4719) gyermeket és serdülőt vontunk be. Normál testsúlyú, túlsúlyos és elhízott csoportokat a testtömegindex alapján képeztünk. Az emelkedett (≥90–<95 percentilis) és magas (≥95 percentilis) vérnyomás diagnózisát részletes noninvazív kivizsgálás (laboratóriumi vizsgálat, hasi ultrahang, gyermekkardiológiai vizsgálat, 24 órás vérnyomás-monitorizálás) eredményeként állítottuk fel. Eredmények: Vizsgálatunkban a túlsúly és az elhízás együttes előfordulási gyakorisága 23,5% volt, ezen belül fiúknál 26,4%, míg lányoknál 20%. A túlsúlyos gyermekek és serdülők csoportjában az emelkedett vérnyomás prevalenciája 9,8%, az elhízottaknál 4,6% volt, míg a magas vérnyomás előfordulási gyakorisága 8,3% (esélyhányados: 1,1; 95% CI) volt a túlsúlyosak és 26,7% (esélyhányados: 3,6; 95% CI) az elhízottak között. Következtetés: Tudomásunk szerint először közlünk magyarországi adatokat nagyszámú kortárs gyermek- és serdülőpopuláció esetében az emelkedett és magas vérnyomásnak a túlsúlyhoz és az elhízáshoz társuló előfordulási gyakoriságáról. A túlsúly és az elhízás a társult hypertoniával a szív-ér rendszeri betegségek kialakulása szempontjából fokozott kockázatot jelent. Éppen ezért kiemelkedően fontos a jól működő primer prevenciós stratégiák kialakítása. Orv Hetil. 2020; 161(4): 151–160.