Reference values of aortic pulse wave velocity in a large healthy population aged between 3 and 18 years

Hidvégi, Erzsébet Valéria; Illyés, Miklós; Benczúr, Béla; Bocskei, R.; Rátgéber, László; Lenkey, Zsófia; Molnár, Ferenc; Cziráki, Attila

doi:10.1097/hjh.0b013e328359562c

Cited by 87 publications

(75 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…An association between PWV and age was previously demonstrated in a large group of children. 24 Despite the positive correlation between PWV and BMI observed in our sample (Table 4), the latter did not prove to be a significant predictor of PWV on regression analysis. Other authors have documented associations between PWV and other markers of cardiovascular risk such as preperitoneal fat tissue thickness and waist/hip circumference.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 60%

Central aortic pressure, arterial stiffness and echocardiographic parameters of children with overweight/obesity and arterial hypertension

Wójtowicz¹,

Łempicka²,

Łuczyński³

et al. 2017

Adv Clin Exp Med

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 60%

Central aortic pressure, arterial stiffness and echocardiographic parameters of children with overweight/obesity and arterial hypertension

Wójtowicz¹,

Łempicka²,

Łuczyński³

et al. 2017

Adv Clin Exp Med

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“…In the general adult population, PWV increases with increasing age and blood pressure levels. 41 However, in children, the influence of age on PWV is less clear [42][43][44] and may be confounded by pubertal status. One study in a healthy population of children between the ages of 3 to 18 years, reported that PWV remained unchanged during childhood but started to increase in girls at 10.4 years and in boys at 12.1 year, 42 suggesting an influence of pubertal status rather than age.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…41 However, in children, the influence of age on PWV is less clear [42][43][44] and may be confounded by pubertal status. One study in a healthy population of children between the ages of 3 to 18 years, reported that PWV remained unchanged during childhood but started to increase in girls at 10.4 years and in boys at 12.1 year, 42 suggesting an influence of pubertal status rather than age. 45 Sex and pubertal status, through changes in vasoactive hormone concentrations, are critical factors known to influence arterial wall properties and function.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Obesity and Arterial Stiffness in Children

Coté

Phillips

Harris

et al. 2015

ATVB

127

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Objective-Childhood obesity is associated with risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Arterial stiffness is considered one of the earliest detectable measures of vascular damage. There is controversy in the literature regarding the effects of childhood obesity on arterial stiffness. The objective of this study is to systematically review the literature and to conduct a meta-analysis comparing measures of central arterial stiffness in children and adolescents with obesity to healthy body mass index controls. Approach and Results-Literature searches were conducted using databases (eg, MEDLINE, EMBASE) and citations cross-referenced. Studies assessing central pulse wave velocity or β-stiffness index were included. A random effects meta-analysis of the standardized mean difference and 95% confidence intervals in arterial stiffness between children with obesity and control children was performed for each arterial stiffness measure. A total of 523 studies were identified. Fifteen case-control studies were included, with 2237 children/adolescents (1281 with obesity, 956 healthy body mass index controls) between 5 and 24 years of age. All studies measuring carotid and aortic β-stiffness index and 10/12 studies measuring central pulse wave velocity reported greater arterial stiffness in children/adolescents with obesity compared with controls. A random effects meta-analysis was performed revealing a significant effect of obesity on pulse wave velocity (standardized mean difference=0.718; 95% confidence interval=0.291-1.415), carotid β-stiffness index (0.862; 0.323-1.402), and aortic β stiffness index (1.017; 0.419-1.615). Conclusion-These findings indicate that child/adolescent obesity is associated with greater arterial stiffness. However, further research is needed to address confounders, such as pubertal status, that may affect this relationship in children. In the future, these techniques may be useful in risk stratification and guiding clinical management of obese children to optimize cardiovascular outcomes.

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“…PWV measurements in our study were largely consistent with those obtained in previous studies that evaluated older children. 20,21 Studies of larger cohorts are needed to evaluate the reproducibility of using applanation tonometry to assess vascular stiffness in preschool children and to assess the long-term implications of these measurements for vascular health.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of vascular function in low socioeconomic status preschool children: a pilot study

Ghazi

Dudenbostel

Xing

et al. 2017

Journal of the American Society of Hypertension

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Elevated brachial blood pressure (BP) in childhood tracks into adulthood. Central BP and measures of arterial stiffness, such as aortic augmentation index (AIx) and pulse wave velocity (PWV), have been associated with future cardiovascular disease. This pilot study assessed the feasibility of noninvasively measuring these parameters in preschool children and explored factors that may be associated with elevated BP in this age group. Brachial BP was measured using an electronic oscillometric unit (Dinamap PRO 100) and defined as elevated when systolic BP (SBP) and/or diastolic BP (DBP) was ≥ the 90th percentile for age, gender, and height. Central BP, AIx, and PWV were measured using applanation tonometry (SphygmoCor). C-reactive protein (CRP) was measured in serum samples. Sixteen African-American preschool children were recruited (4.4 ± 0.8 years, 69% males), 6 (38%) of whom had an elevated brachial BP (110 ± 10/69 ± 4 vs. 96 ± 8/55 ± 6 mm Hg, Cohen’s d = 2.2). Children with elevated brachial BP had higher central SBP (d = 1.6) and DBP (d = 1.96) (97 ± 6/68 ± 4 vs. 85 ± 8/57 ± 6 mm Hg), AIx (d = 0.88) (31 ± 8 vs. 18 ± 16%, standardized to heart rate), and CRP (3.1 [2.3–6.3] vs. 0.1 [0.1–0.3] mg/dL, d = 2). There was no significant difference in PWV between groups (d = 0.26). CRP and SBP (Spearman r = 0.70), DBP (r = 0.68), central SBP (r = 0.58), and central DBP (r = 0.71) were positively correlated. Wide confidence intervals for the estimated effect sizes indicated a large degree of uncertainty about all estimates due to the small sample size. Noninvasive assessment of central BP and arterial stiffness is feasible in preschool children. Vascular inflammation may be an important factor that influences BP at an early age. Further studies in pre-school children are needed to elucidate mechanisms of early onset hypertension.

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Reference values of aortic pulse wave velocity in a large healthy population aged between 3 and 18 years

Abstract: Objective. The measurement of aortic pulse wave velocity (PWV ao

Cited by 87 publications

References 34 publications

Central aortic pressure, arterial stiffness and echocardiographic parameters of children with overweight/obesity and arterial hypertension

Central aortic pressure, arterial stiffness and echocardiographic parameters of children with overweight/obesity and arterial hypertension

Obesity and Arterial Stiffness in Children

Assessment of vascular function in low socioeconomic status preschool children: a pilot study

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