Background Preeclampsia is a complication during pregnancy characterised by new-onset hypertension and proteinuria that develops after 20 weeks of gestation. Dyslipidemia in pregnancy is correlated with an increased risk of preeclampsia. However, the dynamic changes in lipid metabolic product, particularly fatty acid fraction, in preeclampsia maternal circulation, are not well understood. This study aimed to investigate fatty acid fraction in preeclampsia maternal blood compared with normotensive normal pregnancy. Methods A total of 34 women who developed preeclampsia and 32 women with normotensive normal pregnancy were included in our case-control study. Maternal blood samples were collected for serum fatty acid fractions analysis and other biochemical parameters. Serum fatty acid fractions included long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (LCPUFA), monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA), saturated fatty acid, and total fatty acid, measured with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The mean difference of fatty acid level was analysed using parametric and non-parametric bivariate analysis based on normality distributed data, while the risk of preeclampsia based on fatty acid fraction was analysed using a logistic regression model. Results Women with preeclampsia have lower high-density lipoprotein (53.97 ± 12.82 mg/dL vs. 63.71 ± 15.20 mg/dL, p = 0.006), higher triglyceride (284.91 ± 97.68 mg/dL vs. 232.84 ± 73.69 mg/dL, p = 0.018) than that in the normotensive group. Higher palmitoleic acid was found in women with preeclampsia compared to normotensive normal pregnancy (422.94 ± 195.99 vs. 325.71 ± 111.03 μmol/L, p = 0.037). The binary logistic regression model showed that pregnant women who had total omega-3 levels within the reference values had a higher risk of suffering preeclampsia than those with the higher reference value (odds ratio OR (95% CI): 8,5 (1.51–48.07), p = 0.015). Pregnant women who have saturated fatty acid within reference values had a lower risk for suffering preeclampsia than those in upper reference value (OR (95% CI): 0.21 (0.52–0.88), p = 0.032). Conclusion Overall, palmitoleic acid was higher in women with preeclampsia. Further analysis indicated that reference omega-3 in and high saturated fatty acid serum levels are characteristics of women with preeclampsia.
ABSTRACT Background: The implementation of capitation payments based on fulfilling service commitments (KBK) is assessed by achieved indicators including contact rate, RRNS and RPPB. Based on data monev Jambi 2019 showed that indicators of KBK BPJS in province Jambi are not reached the target. This research to analyze the factors that affect the achievement of the targets of the BPJS indicators in the Contact rate, RRNS and RPPB in the FKTP in the city of Jambi in 2019. Method: This study used a quantitative descriptive. This study done in 34 primary health care in Jambi city. The questionnaire filled by head of primary health care and p-care staffs as a respondent. Result: The result in this study showed the dominant trouble in reaching the indicator contact rate was exorbitant of target was too high 29 (42.6%). The problem of RRNS indicator was increasing the demand of hospital referral which 48 (70,6%) samples answered. RPPB target was too high 35 (51.5%). Conclusion: The implementation of Capitation Based on Service Commitment in primary health care in Jambi City had not been done maximally. Keywords : KBK, FKTP, BPJS ABSTRAK Latar Belakang : Pelaksanaan pembayaran kapitasi berbasis pemenuhan komitmen pelayanan (KBK) dinilai berdasarkan pencapaian indikator meliputi Angka Kontak, Rasio Rujukan Rawat Jalan Non Spesialistik (RRNS) dan Rasio Peserta Prolanis Rutin Berkunjung (RPPB). Berdasarkan data yang dilakukan oleh team Monev Provinsi Jambi 2019 indikator KBK BPJS di provinsi Jambi masih belum memenuhi target yang telah ditetapkan. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi belum tercapainya target pemenuhan indikator KBK BPJS pada Angka Kontak, RRNS dan RPPB pada FKTP dikota Jambi tahun 2019. Metode : Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kuantitatif. Penelitian ini dilakukan di 34 Fasilitas Kesehatan Tingkat Pertama (FKTP) kota Jambi. Instrumen penelitian ini menggunakan wawancara dengan panduan kuesioner kepada kepala FKTP serta petugas p-care diFKTP sebagai responden. Hasil : Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kesulitan yang paling dominan dalam memenuhi target indikator Angka Kontak adalah terlalu tingginya target yang ditetapkan 29 (42.6%), kesulitan dalam RRNS adalah meningkatnya permintaan rujukan 48 (70.6%), dan kesulitan RPPB adalah terlalu tinggi target yang ditetapkan 35 (51.5%). Kesimpulan : pelaksanaan sistem Kapitasi Berbasis Komitmen Pelayanan di FKTP kota Jambi belum terlaksana secara maksimal. Masih ada faktor yang menyebabkan belum tercapainya indikator KBK sehingga membuat FKTP berada di zona tidak aman. Kata kunci : KBK, FKTP, BPJS
ABSTRACT Background: polyphenols and alkaloids in herbal plants could have aphrodisiac effect. Betel nut (Areca catechu L) contain polyphenol and alkaloid. Alkaloid of betel nut has aphrodisiac effect, but also has side effect to many organs. Data of aphrodisiac effect of betel nut’s polyphenols is limited. This study aim to determine aphrodisiac effect of extraction of betel nut’s polyphenols in rats Method: twelve rats, Sprague dawney, aged 2-3 months, weight 150-200 gram were divided into 2 group randomly. Group A were given the extract with doses 100mg/kgWB and group B were given extract with doses 200mg/kgWB daily for 35 days. The aphrodisiacs effect determined by difference of mounting frequency before and after treatment. Male rats were mated with female rats which were in estrous phase and were recorded for 7 days. Wilcoxon test were used for statistical analysis with p value < 0,05. Result: extract from extractio’s method that was used in this study had 39,8%(w/w) of polyphenols and 0,98% (w/w) of alkaloids. Both groups had decreasing of mounting’s frequency after treatment (p>0,05). Conclusions: Extract of betel nut from this study had 39,8% (w/w) of polyphenols and had no aphrodisiacs effect in male rats. Keywords: Areca Catechu L, Betel nut, polyohenols, alkaloids, Rats, Aphrodisiac, Mounting. ABSTRAK Latarbelakang: senyawa polifenol atau alkaloid suatu tanaman dapat mempunyai efek afrodisiak. Biji pinang (Areca catechu L) mempunyai kandungan polifenol dan alkaloid. Alkaloid biji pinang telah diketahui mempunyai efek afrodisiak, akan tetapi juga mempunyai banyak efek samping. Efek afrodisiak polifenol biji pinang belum diketahui. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat efek afrodisiak ekstrak polifenol biji pinang muda terhadap tikus putih. Metode: dua belas ekor tikus Sprague dawney berumur 2-3 bulan, berat 150-200 gram dibagi secara random menjadi 2 kelompok yaitu Kelompok A diberikan ekstrak biji pinang dosis 100 mg/ kgBB, dan kelompok B diberikan dosis 200 mg/ kgBB setiap hari selama 35 hari. Efek afrodisiak dilihat dari perbedaan rerata frekuensi tunggangan sebelum dan sesudah perlakuan. Jantan dikawinkan dengan betina fase estrus dan direkam masing-masing selama 7 hari. Uji statistik menggunakan Wilcoxon dengan p<0,05. Hasil: ekstrak hasil ekstraksi yang digunakan pada penelitian ini mempunyai kandungan polifenol 39,8%(b/b) dan alkaloid 0,98% (b/b). Kedua kelompok terdapat penurunan rerata frekuensi tunggangan setelah perlakuan (p >0,05). Kesimpulan: Ekstrak Biji Pinang Muda pada penelitian ini mempunyai kandungan 39,8% polifenol dan tidak mempunyai efek afrodisiak pada tikus jantan. Kata kunci: Areca Catechu L, biji pinang, polifenol, alkaloid, tikus, afrodisiak, tunggangan
Unripe dates are believed by Indonesian citizens to increase fertility. This study aimed to assess the effect of unripe dates in the ovary of rats. Fresh yellow-colored dates were dried in an oven and crushed into powder. Eighteen rats aged three months and had given birth once were randomly divided into three groups. The treatment groups were given unripe dates at doses of 160mg/kgBW and 320mg/kgBW through a feeding tube for 28 days, and the control group was only given distilled water. Histopathological examination was carried out by the pathology expert using Hematoxylin-Eosin staining to observe the number of ovarian follicles according to their maturation stage. The results showed that the administration of unripe dates powder 320mg/kgBW increased corpus luteum number (21.50±4.72) and was statistically significant compared to the control group (15.16±3.71). Similar differences were also found in other stages of the follicle although not statistically significant. Administration of unripe date powder can increase ovulation induction among fertile rats.
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