No abstract

The Italian hospitals are housed in old buildings, some statistics report refers which they have should be about of fifty years old. Recently new structures were built, but the trend is that over restructure and/or redevelop existing buildings, making by a cost-benefit analysis that supports this choice. The Italian construction industry covers the most part of the national energy requirements, and the hospital have a big energy request because the buildings of different areas with different destinations represent the major demand of the needed energy sector.Hospitals must observe the same climate conditions, although the average fuel consumption is three times more than the average values of the residential construction sector.The energy demand in this sector have been used in different way: air conditioning in summer and winter, ventilation, environments lighting, domestic hot water, steam generation for sterilization and humidification, as well as the request by the kitchens, laundries, domestic transport, computers, diagnostic and therapeutic devices, etc.Furthermore, this demand should be absolutely guaranteed, in particular for the thermal and electrical installations, for everyday of the year.The complexity of the equipment used and the regulatory compliance in terms of temperature, humidity and air flow, it could lead considerable consumption, increasing the difficulty of management plants.However, the hospital buildings have a large energy savings potential, which could be achieved improving efficiency of building-plant systems, management of energy.The air conditioning systems of the hospitalization facility should meet specific technical and functional requirements in order to ensure compliance with the temperature-humidity requirements of itself.The regulatory and legislative system should pay attention to the standards and the eligibility criteria for these environments, such as the rooms to be used as hospital stays, providing a strategy to obtain higher values of comfort and safety.The ABSTRACTIn hospitals, the requirements relating at comfort thermo-hygrometric, lighting and air quality, play a major role and are related, at the characteristics of the building-plant system, and to the activities that take place in it. The climate control of the environments constitutes a major problem in the hospital field, and it has effects not only in the realization of new facilities, but also in the renovations. The systems must be designed and engineered with a full integration with the global project, which is simple in the case of new construction, more difficult in the event of restructuring, since it is necessary to interact with restrictive constraints conditioning, such a distribution of complex and articulated spaces. In design of the systems of a hospital building, two fundamental aspects must be ensured: total control of the thermo-hygrometric parameters (temperature, humidity and air velocity), and the possibility of the control and adjusting -for the single areasof flows and air changes within i...

In this work, we created a map of the susceptibility to landslides in GIS environment using neural network, Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) multicriteria analysis method and fuzzy methodology, producing five categories (levels) of risk. Subsequently, starting from this map, we identified (fuzzy methodology) the areas of the road’s network most exposed to landslide risk also using remote sensing techniques (classification and segmentation techniques) overlapped on the street map. This system therefore provides us the level of attention that affects the transport infrastructure investigated (a higher level of attention corresponds to a higher level of landslide risk). Once the risk map for a large area was identified, we focused on local monitoring of a part of it automatically selected by the GIS. The monitoring of this area was carried out through an innovative system (made by us) that allows to monitor landslide risk areas and to study landslide phenomena through the use of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs). Specifically, with this innovative solution, data are acquired thanks to an automated system of UAVs and wireless charging platforms (capable to acquired, to transmit and to store data); subsequently, the acquired data are stored automatically in a special platform that allows us to create the point cloud and 3D models of the investigated area (which in turn they are superimposed on the digital models created in previous monitoring), also allowing the creation of the land mass displacement’s sequence in a video. Finally, in relation to early warning, the system allows civil protection to be warned in the event of a landslide risk (start of new landslides or continuation of landslides that have already begun) which in this way will be able to warn the population also through social media.

Three-dimensional digital acquisition techniques can be useful in archaeology because they make a further technological contribution to the visualization of finds and structures. The possibility of integrating three-dimensional models from different acquisition systems (laser scanner, UAV, reflex and Georadar) is even more exciting. One of the peculiarities of these integration techniques is the possibility of promoting the dissemination of knowledge through virtual reality, augmented reality and mixed reality, given the widespread use of mobile devices. This does not mean, of course, that with the mere creation of a 3D model (and allowing it to be viewed in 3D), the public automatically obtains more information about heritage. In fact, visiting a cultural heritage site in person allows one to receive much more information on finds and structures. However, if this is not possible, technologies that use 3D Virtual Reality help to provide a small knowledge base to those who cannot use the museum. We underline the importance of an integrated visualization from an archaeological and architectural perspective to obtain understanding of the structure with the integration of the two models with different data. The work that we present is part of a multidisciplinary project to recover and disseminate information about the Reggio Calabria’s (southern Italy) artistic, archaeological and cultural heritage. This work’s goal is the realization of a unique 3D model of the church “Madonna dei Poveri” (3D model of a buried part with 3D model of visible parts) by combining different geomatics techniques to show and investigate the interior and exterior parts (3D model obtained by laser scanner and photogrammetry), and the underground crypts (3D model obtained by Georadar), which are lying below the present surface and are no longer accessible due to coverage by post-depositional processes (Georadar). Finally, an app (using augmented reality and virtual reality) and a first experimentation of Mixed Reality is developed for the dissemination of the archaeological and cultural heritage information on the area of interest.

The Riace Bronzes are two full-size bronzes cast around the 5th century BC, located at the ‘Museo Archeologico Nazionale della Magna Grecia’ in Reggio Calabria; they truly represent significant sculptural masterpieces of Greek art in the world due to their outstanding manufacture. This paper describes the methodology for the achievement of a 3D model of the two sculptures lead by the Geomatics Laboratory of the Department of Civil, Energetic, Environmental and Material Engineering (DICEAM) of the Mediterranean University of Reggio Calabria. 3D modeling is based on the use of imaging techniques such as digital photogrammetry and computer vision. The achieved results demonstrate the effectiveness of the technique used in the cultural heritage field for the creation of a digital production and replication through 3D printing. Moreover, when considering renewed interest in the context of international museological studies, augmented reality (AR) innovation represents a new method for amplifying visitor numbers into museums despite concerns over returns on investment. Thus, in order to further valorize and disseminate archaeological heritage, we are developing an app for tourism purposes. The created app allows the user, in real time, to obtain additional information on the object of investigation, even allowing them to view the 3D model in AR.

Focused on the Stromboli Island, this research investigates whether airborne remote sensing systems, such as those based on digital photogrammetry and laser scanner sensors, can be adopted to monitor slope deformation and lava emplacement processes in active volcanic areas. Thanks to the capability of extracting accurate topographic data and working on flexible time schedule these methods can be used to constrain the regular and more frequent measurements derived from satellite observations. In this work we present an application dedicated to the monitoring of Stromboli volcanic edifice useful to obtain quantitative data on the geometry of deformation features and the displaced (failures and landslides) and emplaced (lava flows) volumes. In particular, we focused on the capability of extracting average effusion rates from volume measurements that can be used to validate or integrate satellite derived estimates are often affected by biases which are not easily detectable. Since 2001 a number of airborne remote sensing surveys, namely Digital Photogrammetry (DP) and Airborne Laser Scanning (ALS), were carried out on Stromboli volcano to obtain high resolution digital terrain models (DEM) and orthophotos characterized by sub-meter spatial resolution and time schedule suitable for monitoring the morphological evolution of the surface during the quiescent phases. During the last two effusive eruptions (2002-2003 and 2007) the surface modifications, suffered by the Sciara del Fuoco slope and by the crater area as a consequence of effusive activity, were quantified and controlled using the same methodologies. This work is mainly focused on the 2007 eruption but also accounts for analogies and differences with the 2002-2003 event being based on a multi-temporal quantitative analysis of the data collected from 2001 to 2007. The 2007 eruption involved the Sciara del Fuoco slope from the 27th February until the 2nd April: five flows produced a compound lava field including a lava delta on the shoreline and discharging most of the lava into the sea. The comparison of the 2007 DEMs with a pre-eruption surface (2006 LIDAR survey) allowed evaluating the total lava volume emplaced on the slope while two syn-eruption DEMs were used to calculate the average effusion rates through the eruption. Finally hypothesis on the lava discharge and slope instability mechanisms, which appear strongly connected, are formulated. © 2008 IEEE

After earthquakes, international and national organizations must overcome many challenges in rescue operations. Among these, the knowledge of the territory and of the roads is fundamental for international aid. The maps that volunteers make are a valuable asset, showing the roads in the area affected by the seismic events, a knowledge which is necessary to bring rescue. This was very helpful during many earthquakes as in Haiti (on 2010-01-12) and in Nepal (on 2015-04-25) to support the humanitarian organizations. Many volunteers can contribute remotely to mapping little known or inaccessible regions with crowdsourcing actions, by tracing maps from satellite imagery or aerial photographs even if staying far from the affected site. This research, still in progress, aims at experiencing quickly obtaining roads through the so-called Object Based Image Analysis (OBIA), by extracting it from satellite data, semi-automatically or automatically, with a segmentation that starts from concepts of Mathematical Morphology. We compared it with a classification in ENVI and, using an algorithm in GIS, we verified the goodness of the method. The good results obtained encourage further research on fast techniques for map integration for humanitarian emergencies moreover the results were implemented on open street map.

Nowadays, a great interest in historical installations like museographic devices in international museological studies (capable of giving space form during user communication) is largely attributable to new techniques of immediate communication. Tools and libraries for virtual, augmented, and mixed reality content have recently become increasingly available. Despite its increased cost and investment, these are new ways for increasing visitor presence in museums. The purpose of this paper is to describe the potential of a tourist/archaeological application suitably developed and implemented by us. The application was developed in Unity3D and allows the user to view cultural heritage in a virtual environment, making information, multimedia content, and metrically precise 3D models available and accessible (obtained after a phase of reducing the mesh border), useful for obtaining good 3D printing reproduction. The strengths of our application (compared to the many already in the literature, which are also used as research ideas) stem from the possibility of using and easily integrating different techniques (3D models, building information models, virtual and augmented reality) allowing the choice of different 3D models (depending on the user’s needs) on some of which (again depending on the application needs) were tested and performed simplification and size reduction processes, to make the application loading phase faster and the user experience easier and better. Another application cue was to finalize an application to relate the elements of the museum with some archaeological elements of the territory according to historical period and element type.