Photogrammetric and LIDAR surveys on the Sciara del Fuoco to monitor the 2007 Stromboli eruption

Abstract

Focused on the Stromboli Island, this research investigates whether airborne remote sensing systems, such as those based on digital photogrammetry and laser scanner sensors, can be adopted to monitor slope deformation and lava emplacement processes in active volcanic areas. Thanks to the capability of extracting accurate topographic data and working on flexible time schedule these methods can be used to constrain the regular and more frequent measurements derived from satellite observations. In this work we present an application dedicated to the monitoring of Stromboli volcanic edifice useful to obtain quantitative data on the geometry of deformation features and the displaced (failures and landslides) and emplaced (lava flows) volumes. In particular, we focused on the capability of extracting average effusion rates from volume measurements that can be used to validate or integrate satellite derived estimates are often affected by biases which are not easily detectable. Since 2001 a number of airborne remote sensing surveys, namely Digital Photogrammetry (DP) and Airborne Laser Scanning (ALS), were carried out on Stromboli volcano to obtain high resolution digital terrain models (DEM) and orthophotos characterized by sub-meter spatial resolution and time schedule suitable for monitoring the morphological evolution of the surface during the quiescent phases. During the last two effusive eruptions (2002-2003 and 2007) the surface modifications, suffered by the Sciara del Fuoco slope and by the crater area as a consequence of effusive activity, were quantified and controlled using the same methodologies. This work is mainly focused on the 2007 eruption but also accounts for analogies and differences with the 2002-2003 event being based on a multi-temporal quantitative analysis of the data collected from 2001 to 2007. The 2007 eruption involved the Sciara del Fuoco slope from the 27th February until the 2nd April: five flows produced a compound lava field including a lava delta on the shoreline and discharging most of the lava into the sea. The comparison of the 2007 DEMs with a pre-eruption surface (2006 LIDAR survey) allowed evaluating the total lava volume emplaced on the slope while two syn-eruption DEMs were used to calculate the average effusion rates through the eruption. Finally hypothesis on the lava discharge and slope instability mechanisms, which appear strongly connected, are formulated. © 2008 IEEE

Toward continuous quantification of lava extrusion rate: Results from the multidisciplinary analysis of the 2 January 2010 eruption of Piton de la Fournaise volcano, La Réunion

“…Digital models obtained through aerial and land‐based photogrammetry provide valuable information on the temporal evolution of the morphology of the lava flows, and, in general, on the continuous deformation of the surface. Aerial‐ and ground‐based photogrammetry and lidar have been used to reconstruct the morphology of lava flows to estimate their volume and thus the lava fluxes during Stromboli eruptions in 2002–2003 and 2007 [ Baldi et al , ; Proietti et al , ]. These techniques were also used to assess the volume and rate of dome growth [ Major et al , ; Diefenbach et al , ], which are critical factors for effective assessment of volcanic hazards related to potential dome collapses.…”

Geochemical evidence of the renewal of volcanic activity inferred from CO2 soil and SO2 plume fluxes: the 2007 Stromboli eruption (Italy)

“…Subsequently, the depressurization of the system, triggered by the sudden emptying of the upper part of the column, caused the rise of the gas rich-magma batch located in the lower part of the column that then determined an increase in the CO 2 flux. Without any significant refilling by new magma batch from depth, the CO 2 flux and SO 2 flux decreased, so the magma flow lost strength and stopped after a few weeks with a total amount of magma erupted estimated at about ten million cubic metres (Neri et al 2008;Proietti et al 2008;Marsella et al 2009). The depressurization of the system was confirmed by the deflation measured by geodetic networks in coincidence with the opening of the fissures (Bonaccorso et al 2008) which induced the rapid magmastatic pressure decay due to the lava effusion.…”

Unoccupied Aircraft Systems (UASs) Reveal the Morphological Changes at Stromboli Volcano (Italy) before, between, and after the 3 July and 28 August 2019 Paroxysmal Eruptions

“…A 6 in Proietti et al [67]; Figure 3 in Calvari et al [32]), evolving into a platform where the most part of the erupted tephra could be hosted, whereas after the two paroxysmal eruptions of July and August 2019, the N and CS crater areas were affected by a lower degree of deepening, maintaining a septum between the two crater areas (lower D2 in Figure 3e), and leaving the other sectors of the crater terrace unaltered. In fact, the crater terrace floor did not collapse in 2019 as it happened in 2002-2003 and 2007.…”