Cincau Hijau leaves (Cyclea barbata L.Miers ) has been used empirically as a medicinal plant because it contains many potential compounds such as flavonoids. Cincau Hijau leaves has been known as antioxidant activity. Determination of pharmacognosy parameters and phytochemical screening of dry leaves and extracts have been carried out as well as determination of total fl avonoids content. Fresh leaves were extracts with water and Dry leaves were macerated with 96% ethanol and were then concentrated by rotavapor to obtain viscous extracts. Free radical scavenging activity of the extracts was evaluated using DPPH method. Afterwards, determination of specifi c and non-specifi c parameters were performed. Results of phytochemical screening of powder and 50% and 96% ethanol extract showed that tall the tested samples contained alkaloid, fl avonoids, saponins, tannins, steroids/ triterpenoids, coumarin. The examination of specifi c parameter showed that the extract has a thick consistency, tawny color, bitter taste, characteristic odor. In addition, water-soluble compound and 96% ethanol extract are 46.64 and 62.13% respectively whereas ethanol-soluble compounds are 39.22 and 74.72%, respectively. While the results of nonspecifi c parameters of 50% and 96 % ethanol extract displayed total ash content of 9.69 and 9.49%, respectively, acid insoluble ash content of 0.30 and 0.16%, respectively, content of water soluble ash of 9.17 and 4.30%, respectively, loss on drying of 9.35 and 8.9%, respectively, water content of 8.45 and 7.25%, respectively. Based on heavy metal contamination, Pb concentration in 50 and 96% ethanol extract are 0.0227 and 0.0333 mg/kg, respectively whereas Cd concentration are 0.1206 and 0.0022 mg/kg, respectively and total number of CFU of 4,22 x 103 and 2,30 x 103 colonies/g, respectively while molds and yeasts number of colony of 0,48 x 102 and 8,88 x 102 colonies/g, respectively. Moreover, the total flavonoid was 0,19 %. Result of DPPH inhibition test showed that IC50 96 % ethanol extract are 83,280 ppm and water extracts are 102,01 ppm
ABSTRAKPenyakit malaria disebabkan oleh parasit Plasmodium yang dalam siklusnya akan mendegradasi hemeoglobin menjadi asam amino dan heme bebas yang toksik untuk parasit. Untuk menetralkan toksisitas heme bebas, parasit akan mengubahnya menjadi hemeozoin melalui proses polimerisasi heme. Proses ini sangat penting dalam siklus hidup parasit sehingga dapat dijadikan sebagai target obat antimalaria. Daun sembung dilaporkan mempunyai aktivitas antimalaria baik secara in vitro maupun in vivo, tetapi mekanismenya belum pernah dilaporkan. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui aktivitas penghambatan polimerisasi heme ekstrak daun sembung dan golongan senyawa yang terdapat pada ekstrak dengan aktivitas penghambatan terbaik. Daun sembung diekstrak dengan pelarut n-heksan, etil asetat, dan etanol 70%. Uji antimalaria in vitro dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode penghambatan polimerisasi heme. Ekstrak dengan aktivitas penghambatan terbaik diukur nilai IC 50 dan dilanjutkan dengan skrining fitokimia. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan ekstrak n-heksan, etil asetat, dan etanol 70% mempunyai aktivitas penghambatan polimerisasi heme pada konsentrasi 1 mg ml -1 masing-masing sebesar 11,28; 26,26; dan 56,88%. Nilai IC 50 ekstrak etanol 70% sebesar 0,978 mg ml -1 . Ketiga ekstrak memiliki aktivitas penghambatan polimerisasi heme dan ekstrak etanol 70% memiliki aktivitas tertinggi. Skrining fitokimia menunjukkan daun sembung yang diekstrak dengan etanol 70% mengandung golongan senyawa flavonoid, triterpenoid, kuinon, tanin, dan saponin.Kata kunci: Blumea balsamifera, antimalaria, in vitro, polimerisasi heme, skrining fitokimia ABSTRACT Malaria disease is caused by Plasmodium parasite which will degrade haemoglobin into amino acid and free haem, that is toxic for the parasite, as part of their life cycle. To neutralize its toxicity, the parasite will convert free haem into hemeozoin through haem polymerization process. This process is important for the parasite, hence it can be targetted by antimalarial drugs. Blumea balsamifera leaf was reported to have antimalarial activity both in vitro and in vivo. However, there was no report about its mechanisms. The aim of this study was to study the hame polymerization inhibitory activity of B. balsamifera leaf extracts and its chemeical compounds from the extract with the highest inhibitory activity. N-hexane, ethyl acetate, and 70% ethanol were used as extractor. Haem polymerization inhibitory was used as in vitro antimalarial assay. IC 50 value and phytochemeical screening were performed for the extract with the highest inhibitory activity. The results showed that 1 mg ml -1 of n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and 70% ethanol had haem polymerization inhibitory activity at 11.28, 26.26 and 56.88% respectively. The IC 50 value of 70% ethanol extract was 0.978 mg ml -1 . All extracts treatments had haem polymerization inhibitory activity with 70% ethanol extract gave the highest inhibitory activity. Phytochemical screening showed that B. balsamifera leaf extracted with 70% ethanol contained flavonoids, tr...
Objective: The aim of this study to develop an antioxidant gel from standardized green cincau (Cyclea barbata L. Miers) ethanolic extracts. Methods: The standardized extract of green cincau (Cyclea barbata L. Miers) ethanolic extracts were formulated as active ingredients of antioxidant gel. The dried leaf of Cyclea barbata L Miers was extracted with ethanol 70%. The extract was analyzed its phytochemical screening and antioxidant activity with DPPH methods. The extract was used as active ingredients of antioxidant gel. The gels were evaluated physically and chemically, such as organoleptic test, homogeneity, viscosity and rheology, spreadability, pH test, antioxidant activity, and analysis of microbial contamination test. Results: The results showed that all formulas were greenish-yellow and have homogeneous, the viscosity of 14267-45533 cps, spreadability of gels 1783.8–6631.5 mm2, pH value of 4.57–5.74, and analysis of microbial contamination has colonies not more than 103 colonies/g or colonies/ml. Statistical analysis used two ways ANOVA to investigate gels time and temperature effects toward gel preparations stability. There was no effect on the viscosity, spreadability, and pH tests, on the all formula with P>0.05. The antioxidant activity of the formula showed that all formulas changed after 3 mo of storage at 40 °C. Formula II had stronger antioxidant activity than the others with an IC50 value of 57.60µg/ml. Conclusion: All formulas showed fairly strong antioxidant activity because it can inhibit the activity of free radicals that could inhibit the premature aging of the skin.
Jeruk nipis (Citrus aurantifolia S.) merupakan salah satu tanaman obat tradisional yang digunakan secara luas untuk berbagai penyakit termasuk infeksi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji aktivitas ekstrak etanol 70% dan 96% daun Citrus aurantifolia terhadap mikroba penyebab infeksi pada manusia, antara lain Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhi, Escherichia coli, dan Candida albicans secara in vitro. Penapisan fitokimia dilakukan untuk memprediksi metabolit sekunder yang berperan dalam aktivitas antimikroba daun Citrus aurantifolia. Aktivitas antimikroba ditentukan menCitrus aurantifolia S. is a traditional medicinal plant that is widely used for various diseases including infections. This study aims to test the in vitro antimicrobial activity of 70% and 96% ethanolic extract of Citrus aurantifolia leaves to microbes that cause infection in humans, including Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhi, Escherichia coli, and Candida albicans. Phytochemical screening was carried out to predict secondary metabolites that play a role in the antimicrobial activity of Citrus aurantifolia leaves. The antimicrobial activity was determined using agar diffusion method with disc paper and well diffusion method. Phytochemical screening showed that simplicia powder, 70% ethanol extract, and 96% ethanol extract from Citrus aurantifolia leaves contained flavonoids, coumarin, saponins, tannins, steroids / triterpenoids, and essential oils. This study showed that 70% and 96% ethanol extract of Citrus aurantifolia leaves can inhibit the growth of Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhi, and Escherichia coli bacteria. It can be concluded that the ethanol extract of Citrus aurantifolia leaves is potential to be developed as an antibacterial product.ggunakan metode difusi agar dengan kertas cakram dan metode difusi sumuran. Penapisan fitokimia menunjukkan bahwa baik serbuk simplisia, ekstrak etanol 70%, dan ekstrak etanol 96% dari daun Citrus aurantifolia mengandung metabolit sekunder flavonoid, kumarin, saponin, tanin, steroid/triterpenoid, dan minyak atsiri. Ekstrak etanol 70% dan 96% daun Citrus aurantifolia dapat menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhi, dan Escherichia coli. Dengan demikian dapat disimpulkan ekstrak etanol daun Citrus aurantifolia berpotensi dikembangkan sebagai produk antibakteri.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.