ABSTRAKPenyakit malaria disebabkan oleh parasit Plasmodium yang dalam siklusnya akan mendegradasi hemeoglobin menjadi asam amino dan heme bebas yang toksik untuk parasit. Untuk menetralkan toksisitas heme bebas, parasit akan mengubahnya menjadi hemeozoin melalui proses polimerisasi heme. Proses ini sangat penting dalam siklus hidup parasit sehingga dapat dijadikan sebagai target obat antimalaria. Daun sembung dilaporkan mempunyai aktivitas antimalaria baik secara in vitro maupun in vivo, tetapi mekanismenya belum pernah dilaporkan. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui aktivitas penghambatan polimerisasi heme ekstrak daun sembung dan golongan senyawa yang terdapat pada ekstrak dengan aktivitas penghambatan terbaik. Daun sembung diekstrak dengan pelarut n-heksan, etil asetat, dan etanol 70%. Uji antimalaria in vitro dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode penghambatan polimerisasi heme. Ekstrak dengan aktivitas penghambatan terbaik diukur nilai IC 50 dan dilanjutkan dengan skrining fitokimia. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan ekstrak n-heksan, etil asetat, dan etanol 70% mempunyai aktivitas penghambatan polimerisasi heme pada konsentrasi 1 mg ml -1 masing-masing sebesar 11,28; 26,26; dan 56,88%. Nilai IC 50 ekstrak etanol 70% sebesar 0,978 mg ml -1 . Ketiga ekstrak memiliki aktivitas penghambatan polimerisasi heme dan ekstrak etanol 70% memiliki aktivitas tertinggi. Skrining fitokimia menunjukkan daun sembung yang diekstrak dengan etanol 70% mengandung golongan senyawa flavonoid, triterpenoid, kuinon, tanin, dan saponin.Kata kunci: Blumea balsamifera, antimalaria, in vitro, polimerisasi heme, skrining fitokimia ABSTRACT Malaria disease is caused by Plasmodium parasite which will degrade haemoglobin into amino acid and free haem, that is toxic for the parasite, as part of their life cycle. To neutralize its toxicity, the parasite will convert free haem into hemeozoin through haem polymerization process. This process is important for the parasite, hence it can be targetted by antimalarial drugs. Blumea balsamifera leaf was reported to have antimalarial activity both in vitro and in vivo. However, there was no report about its mechanisms. The aim of this study was to study the hame polymerization inhibitory activity of B. balsamifera leaf extracts and its chemeical compounds from the extract with the highest inhibitory activity. N-hexane, ethyl acetate, and 70% ethanol were used as extractor. Haem polymerization inhibitory was used as in vitro antimalarial assay. IC 50 value and phytochemeical screening were performed for the extract with the highest inhibitory activity. The results showed that 1 mg ml -1 of n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and 70% ethanol had haem polymerization inhibitory activity at 11.28, 26.26 and 56.88% respectively. The IC 50 value of 70% ethanol extract was 0.978 mg ml -1 . All extracts treatments had haem polymerization inhibitory activity with 70% ethanol extract gave the highest inhibitory activity. Phytochemical screening showed that B. balsamifera leaf extracted with 70% ethanol contained flavonoids, tr...
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