Saninten (Castanopsis argentea (Blume) A.DC.) is one of the member Fagaceae family which can produce wood and non-wood product. Micropropagation of saninten by in vitro has never been reported. This research aims to identify the growth response of saninten shoot by adding Plant Growth Regulator (PGR), they are 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) and indole-3-acetic-acid (IAA) with different concentrations in propagation in vitro on woody plant medium (WPM). The research conducted a completely randomized design (CRD) factorial. They are PGR type and PGR concentration. The PGR type consist of two levels namely BAP and IAA. PGR concentration consist of three levels namely 0 mg/L BAP and IAA, 0.5 mg/L BAP or 0.1 mg/L IAA, and 1.0 mg/L BAP or 0.1 mg/L IAA. Parameters observed is the amount of shoot, shoot height, and callus growth. The combination of BAP (0, 0.5, 1 mg/L) and IAA (0, 0.1, 0.1 mg/L) haven’t produce optimal growth of shoot. WPM medium with 0.5 mg/L BAP was able to produce the best of percentage of shoot, the number of shoots, and shoot height growth. WPM medium with IAA concentration of 0.1 and 0.2 mg/L produce explant with callus.Key words: 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP), Castanopsis argentea, indole-3-acetic-acid (IAA), woody plant medium (WPM)
This research was conducted for four months from January to May, 2019 in Sasara coastal Waters, Kulisusu Bay, Buton Utara, SE Sulawesi, Indonesia. The aim of this research was to determine the best oblique incision length (OIL) to use in slide-slipped grafting using tissue cultured and local seedlings in terms of the growth and carrageenan yield of the seaweed Kappaphycus alvarezii. The treatments used in this study were A: 25-mm OIL, B: 30-mm OIL and C: 35-mm OIL. After 18 days, grafts using all OILs were successfully attached together. The new seedlings were then cultivated for 45 days. The results showed that the daily growth rate (DGR) did not differ significantly between treatments. The 25-mm OIL treatment had the highest DGR (3.98±0.97 %.day−1) followed by 35-mm OIL(3.90 ± 1.32%.day−1 and 30-mm OIL (3.69 ± 0.91 %.day−1). The ratio of fresh weight (FW) to dry weight (DW) also showed no significant differences among treatments. FW:DW ratios of treatments 25 mm OIL, 30 mm OIL, and 35 mm OIL were 8.13:1, 7.42:1, and 5.78:1, respectively. For carrageenan content, 30-mm OIL seedlings of showed higher content but it was not significantly different from the other treatments. Water quality parameters were: salinity 24-32 ppt; temperature 29-31 ° C; nitrate 0.336-0.432 mg.l−1; phosphate 0.195-0.542 ppm; and turbidity 3,124-9,331 NTU.
Monitoring program is very important to evaluate the growth and performance of the seaweed K. alvarezii cultivated in the coastal areas. However, the program are rarely to be done in Indonesia continuously. In SE Sulawesi, tissue-cultured seedling are already been used by the seaweed farmers. The aims of this study were to evaluate the third period of growth monitoring program based on daily growth rate (DGR) and ratio of final wet weight and dry weight using tissue-cultured seedlings of the seaweed. This study was conducted in Bungin Coastal Waters, South Konawe. The result showed that the mean DGR of the seedlings were 7.01±0.63%.day−1 and significantly higher (p<0.05) than the two previous monitoring years (2017 and 2018). Ratio of final dry weight: wet weight was 9.42:1 and this ratio was also higher than the two previous years. In the present study, the epiphyte infection of Sargassum polycystum and an unidentified moss were also found. In conclusion, tissue-cultured seedling show good quality even though they have been used as seedlings for four years continuously.
Cottonii seaweed (Kappaphycus alvarezii Doty) is one of the most important commercial sources of carrageenans which are widely used in the pharmaceuticals and food industries. A problem in the cultivation of this seaweed is the ice-ice disease, which is caused by extreme changes in environmental conditions such as temperature and seawater salinity. Gene transformation to produce Cottonii seaweed transgenics that are tolerant to environmental stress is a potential solution to this problem. Gα gene encodes for the heterotrimeric G protein α subunit is a gene that plays a role in tolerance to biotic and abiotic environmental stresses. This study aimed to: (a) introduce the Gα gene into the callus cells of K. alvarezii and regenerate transformed callus cells to transgenic plantlets; (b) determine the appropriate concentration of acetosyringone and Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain for gene transfer into the callus of K. alvarezii. The callus cells of K. alvarezii were transformed using Agrobacterium tumefaciens strains LBA4404 and EHA105 carrying the expression vector pGWB502-Gα with a CaMV-35S promoter. The calli and A. tumefaciens were co-cultivated in several concentrations of acetosyringone (20, 40, 60 mg/L). The regeneration of transformed callus cells into transgenic plantlets was successfully performed using the somatic embryogenesis technique. The results showed that the highest percentage of putative transgenic micropropagule formation occurred at the 20-40 mg/L concentration of acetosyringone. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis on the twenty transgenic plantlets indicated that the Gα gene was successfully introduced into the genomic DNA of all of them. The highest transformation efficiency was in the co-cultivation treatment of 20-40 mg/L acetosyringone (22-28%). The transformation efficiency produced by Agrobacterium tumefaciens EHA105 (23%) was not significantly different from that produced by the LBA4404 (15%).
A grafting experiment using tissue-cultured and local strain Kappaphycus alvarezii seedlings was conducted from January to April 2019 and consisted of two steps. Firstly, grafting and propagating the seedlings using three different initial weights (IW) of 10, 15 and 20 g. Secondly, a culture experiment using the new seedlings produced from the first step. Seedlings were completely attached to each other after 18 days following the first step with a mean 75.0% grafting rate. The new seedlings were then cultured for 45 days using a long line method. The highest daily growth rate (DGR) was 4.36 %.day-1 obtained from 20-g IW while the lowest DGR was 4.01%.day-1 from 15-g IW. It was found that rapid changes in water salinity and turbidity may affect the success in terms of grafting rate and DGR. The ratio of fresh weight (FW) to dry weight (FW:DW) showed no significant differences among treatments although the 20-g IW showed the highest FW:DW ratio (8.21: 1) followed by 15-g IW (7.87:10) and 10-g IW (6.63:1). In contrast, 10-g IW and 15-g IW showed a significant difference in term of carrageenan content from 20-g IW. The 10-g IW carrageenan content was highest (40.38%) followed by 15-g IW (40.25%) and 20-g IW (38.34%). Salinity was 24-32 ppt, temperature was 29-31 °C. Nitrate and phosphate were 0.324-0.420 mg.l-1 and 0.180-0.538 ppm, respectively, while turbidity range was 3,128-9,336 NTU. In conclusion, for this method of grafting, it is recommended to use 20-g initial weight.
Bibit pisang hasil kultur jaringan diketahui rentan terhadap cekaman pada awal pertumbuhan di lapangan. Pra-pengondisian bibit menggunakan agens priming dilaporkan meningkatkan pertumbuhan dan ketahanan tanaman. Asap cair tempurung kelapa dilaporkan mampu memacu pertumbuhan dan menginduksi ketahanan tanaman. Penelitian ini bertujuan mendapatkan informasi pengaruh asap cair asal tempurung kelapa terhadap pertumbuhan dan aktivitas enzim ketahanan pada plantlet pisang Cavendish pada fase induksi perakaran serta penekanan R. syzygii subsp. celebesensis secara in vitro. Tahapan penelitian mencakup uji fitotoksisitas asap cair, analisis pertumbuhan plantlet, analisis aktivitas enzim peroksidase dan polifenol oksidase, isolasi R. syzygii subsp. celebesensis, dan uji toksisitas asap cair terhadap R. syzygii subsp. celebesensis secara in vitro. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan perlakuan asap cair pada konsentrasi ≥ 1.5% bersifat fitotoksik dengan gejala meliputi klorosis, nekrosis, terbentuk lendir dan kematian plantlet. Perlakuan asap cair pada konsentrasi ≤ 1% tidak bersifat fitotoksik, bahkan peningkatan pertumbuhan plantlet optimum ditunjukkan pada perlakuan asap cair 0.1%. Perlakuan asap cair menyebabkan peningkatan aktivitas enzim ketahanan pada 2, 4 dan 6 hari setelah tanam (HST), tetapi menurun pada 30 HST. Selain itu, asap cair bersifat antibakteri melalui terbentuknya zona hambat dan menyebabkan penurunan nilai kerapatan sel R. syzygii subsp. celebesensis. Penelitian ini menunjukkan potensi teknik priming untuk pengendalian penyakit darah pisang terutama pada bibit pisang hasil kultur jaringan.
Cananga odorata (ylang-ylang) is a plant with numerous uses, including ornamental use, traditional medicinal ingredient, as fragrance, and cosmetics. The high market demand for ylang-ylang essential oil needs to be supported by information on the in vitro process of callus formation to supports the secondary metabolites production without having to cut or harvest the trees so that biodiversity is maintained. The aims of this study were to analyze the explants sterilization method using sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) solution that was most suitable for the ylang-ylang initiation, and to analyze the effect of BAP and NAA treatment on the formation of ylang-ylang callus. The design used is a completely randomized design. The methods used included the preparation, sterilization, and callus induction using a combination of BAP and NAA hormones with twenty four treatment combinations. The results are: the sterilization of explants with sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) solution at a concentration of 20% (v/v) 10 minutes followed by a concentration of 15% (v/v) 20 minutes was able to produce sterile explants in as much as 67.5% of cases. At the callus induction stage, the highest score of callus formation in leaf explants was in media-23 (BAP 4 ppm plus NAA 5 ppm).
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