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To measure small-angle rotations, the two mirrors of a Michelson interferometer are replaced by right-angle prisms. Rotation of the latter shifts the interference pattern. Measurement of that shift gives, after calibration, the rotation. The experimental setup is insensitive to vibrations, provides good linearity between +5 degrees and -5 degrees , and has a resolution of 10(-4) deg.

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The pseudodielectric functions of electroplated Bi 2±x Te 3±x thin films with atomic bismuth content varying from 1.8 to 2.2 were determined using spectroscopic ellipsometry in the energy range of 0.03-3.10 eV. The experimental dielectric functions show differences with the literature bulk single-crystal data which may be explained by a ca. 50% porosity in the electroplated films. In the visible range, the optical constants did not seem to depend on the film composition while in the infrared range a rough tendency can be established: the real part of the dielectric function shifted to lower values with increasing bismuth content while the imaginary part shifted toward higher values. In the infrared range, Tauc-Lorentz combined with Drude dispersion relations were successfully used. The energy bandgap E g was found to be about 0.11 eV independent of the film composition. This result is related to the minor evolution of the film composition. Moreover, the fundamental absorption edge was described by an indirect optical band-to-band transition. The thickness of the thinner films were estimated, which are comprised between 1.77 and 1.99 m following the samples. Electrical resistivity and energy-independent scattering time were found to be related to the bismuth content.V-VI binary compounds such as Bi 2 Te 3 , Sb 2 Te 3 , and Bi 2 Se 3 are narrow bandgap semiconductors. They are becoming quite interesting as materials for thermoelectric devices. Due to their high figureof-merit at room temperature, bismuth telluride ͑Bi 2 Te 3 ͒ and its selenide and antimony-doped compounds are considered to be the best materials for thermoelectric applications. 1 Many deposition techniques, such as sputtering, 2-4 metallorganic chemical vapor deposition, 5,6 and molecular beam epitaxy, 7-9 have been used to obtain thin films of bismuth telluride compounds. These deposition techniques have as drawback a rather high production cost. Electrodeposition 10-12 may offer a low-cost film growth method with a high deposition rate. Several electrochemical processes have been developed, leading to different compositions of Bi 2 Te 3 binary compounds. 12,13 The stoichiometry of these thermoelectric films directly influences their electronic and transport properties.Due to both experimental interest and theoretical importance, the optical properties of Bi 2 Te 3 were studied using crystals or thin films. The first results were performed on ingots with transmittance and reflectance measurements methods. 14-18 More recently, thin films were characterized by classical optical methods. [19][20][21][22] Only one work 20 was reported on thin films obtained by metallorganic chemical vapor deposition using spectroscopic ellipsometry ͑SE͒ in the visible range. Ellipsometry is an optical method for surface analysis based on the measurement of the change of the polarization state of a light beam during reflection. 23 From ellipsometry, the dielectric function of bulk materials is obtained analytically, while for thin films appropriate fitting is needed. Th...

A parameter compensation method is developed to improve the linearity of the Michelson interferometric angular measurement. The formulas for the exact calculation of the parameters are presented; different cases are discussed. By introducing a weight function in the calculation, we can change the distribution of the linearity over the whole range of measurement. The theoretical analysis and the experimental results show that this method greatly improves the linearity of the measurement even for a large range of measurement.

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Significant research efforts have been invested in attempting to reliably capture and visualize holograms since their inception in 1962. However, less attention has been given to the efficient digital representation of the recorded holograms, which differ considerably from digitally recorded photographs. This paper examines the properties of recorded off-axis holograms and attempts to find a suitable sparse representation for holographic data. Results show significantly improved Bjøntegaard delta PSNR up to 5 dB on average within a bit-rate range of 0.125 to 2 bpp when combining the direction-adaptive discrete wavelet transform with non-standard decomposition schemes for microscopic off-axis holographic recordings; up to 7.5% reduction of file size has been achieved in the lossless case.