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PurposeTo report toxic anterior segment syndrome (TASS) after cataract surgery possibly associated with intracameral use of cefuroxime.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective chart review and analysis on the pre- and postoperative conditions of the subjects who had developed TASS.ResultsThe patient group consisted of 17 patients. Tyndallization and fibrin fibers were positive in all eyes. In four eyes, hypopyon formation developed. These reactions diminished on the third day and fully resolved 1 week after the operations with the use of intensive topical steroid and mydriatic therapy. To determine the etiology of TASS, infusion fluid, viscoelastics, and intracameral antibiotic agent were changed respectively. After changing intracameral antibiotic agent from cefuroxime axetile to moxifloxacin no new cases of TASS were diagnosed.ConclusionAll agents injected into the anterior chamber can cause TASS. Ophthalmologists and operating room staff need to pay careful attention to all drugs and irrigating solutions.

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Purpose: To evaluate the effect of obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) on the meibomian glands, ocular surface, and tear parameters. Methods: The study included 59 individuals (32 subjects with OSAHS, 27 control subjects) who underwent polysomnography in the Chest Diseases Clinic. The right eyes of all individuals were evaluated in the Ophthalmology Clinic. The first noninvasive tear break-up time (f-NTBUT) and the average noninvasive tear break-up time were measured, and Schirmer test was applied. Meibography was taken (Sirius; CSO, Florence, Italy), and meiboscore was used for indexing meibography. Finally, a sample was taken for conjunctival impression cytology. Results: In the study and control groups, the median of f-NTBUT was 2.1 seconds [interquartile range (IQR); 1.5–5.0] and 5.7 seconds (IQR; 2.9–8.8) and the median of average noninvasive tear break-up time was 5.6 seconds (IQR; 3.6–9.5) and 7.2 seconds (IQR; 4.2–10.7), respectively (P = 0.007 and P = 0.487, respectively). The mean Schirmer value was 16.3 ± 5.9 mm (range; 5–25) and 17.3 ± 6.6 mm (range; 5–30) in the study and control groups (P = 0.604). In upper eyelid meibography, the median of loss in the meibomian glands was 20.10% (IQR; 11.60%–40.80%) in the study group and 14.70% (IQR; 10.40%–21.30%) in the control group (P = 0.043). In lower eyelid meibography, the median of loss in the meibomian glands was 19.00% (IQR; 13.60%–35.30%) in the study group and 12.40% (IQR; 9.10%–16.40%) in the control group (P = 0.002). The median of the Nelson grade in conjunctival impression cytology was 1 (IQR; 0–1) in the study group and 1 (IQR; 0–1) in the control group (P = 0.445). Conclusions: The loss in the meibomian glands together with the shortened f-NTBUT shows that there could be a predisposition in OSAHS for evaporative dry eye originating from meibomian gland damage.

We aimed to compare the aqueous humor total oxidant status, total antioxidant capacity, and levels of interleukin-6 and vascular endothelial growth factor between patients with diabetic retinopathy and controls and to correlate these levels with the DR status. Methods: Patients who underwent cataract surgery were enrolled. The first group (control group) comprised patients without diabetes; the second group comprised diabetic patients without retinopathy; the third group comprised patients with nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy; and the fourth group comprised patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy. All patients underwent full ophthalmologic examination before cataract surgery. Prior to surgery, samples of aqueous humor sampling were obtained and stored at-80 °C. Total antioxidant capacity, total oxidant status, and levels interleukin-6 and vascular endothelial growth factor were investigated in these samples and correlated with diabetic retinopathy status. Results: This study analyzed 86 pairs of eyes of 86 patients. All groups were statistically similar in age and sex, but the total antioxidant capacity was lowest in patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Moreover, the total oxidant status and levels of vascular endothelial growth factor and interleukin-6 were found to slightly increase according to the retinopathy status. Conclusion: Oxidative stress, interleukin-6, and vascular endothelial growth factor in the aqueous humor seem to play important roles in the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy, especially in the proliferative type.

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