AbstrakPada penelitian ini dilakukan formulasi, karakterisasi dan stabilitas fisik sediaan mikroemulsi tipe air dalam minyak. Minyak yang digunakan sebagai fase minyak dalam pembuatan mikroemulsi adalah VCO, minyak kelapa sawit , minyak zaitun dan minyak kedelai , fase air aquademineralisata, Span® 80 dan Tween® 80 sebagai surfaktan dan propanol sebagai kosurfaktan. Setiap formula dilakukan 3 replikasi dan ditentukan karakteristik fisik yang meliputi pengamatan organoleptis, pengukuran berat jenis, pengukuran droplet, pengukuran viskositas dan sifat alir, dan pengukuran pH. Penentuan karakteristik fisik dilakukan pada saat awal terbentuk mikroemulsi dan setelah penyimpanan selama 5 minggu dalam suhu kamar. Selain itu, juga dilakukan uji stabilitas fisik yang meliputi uji sentrifugasi dengan kecepatan 10.000 rpm selama 30 menit, uji freeze-thaw selama 6 siklus, dan uji heating stability dengan oven suhu 60ºC, 70ºC, 80ºC, 90ºC, dan 100ºC selama 5 jam. Dari data yang didapatkan dilakukan analisis statistik menggunakan metode t-Test dan one way ANOVA. Dari penentuan karakteristik dan stabilitas fisik yang telah dilakukan didapatkan hasil bahwa mikroemulsi dengan minyak VCO, minyak kelapa sawit dan minyak kedelai memiliki karakteristik dan stabilitas fisik yang lebih baik dibandingkan dengan mikroemulsi dengan minyak zaitun. AbstractThis research consists of formulation, characterization and physical stability of the microemulsion of water-in-oil type. On the microemulsion, VCO, palm oil, olive oil and soybean oil were used as oil phase, aqua demineralisata used as the aqueous phase, a combination of Span® 80 and Tween® 80 as a surfactant and propanol as cosurfactant. Each formula was three times replication done and determined the physical characteristics including organoleptic observations, measurements of density, droplet, viscosity, flow properties, and pH. Determination of physical characteristics was done at the beginning of the microemulsion formed and after 5 weeks storage at room temperature. The physical stability test including the centrifugation test at 10,000 rpm for 30 minutes, the freeze-thaw test for 6 cycles, and heating stability with the oven temperature of 60ºC, 70ºC, 80ºC, 90ºC and 100ºC for 5 hours were done. The data obtained were analyzed using t-Test and oneway ANOVA. Based on the characteristic and physical stability tests, it was showed that microemulsion with VCO, palm oil and soybean oil had better physical characteristics and stability compared to the microemulsion with olive oil.
Plantago major has been widely used for wound healing. This activity is supported by empirical as well as preclinical data. The aims of this study were to (1) formulate Plantago major leaves extracts (PMLE) into topical dosage forms i.e. creams and gels and; (2)
The development of oral dissolving film (ODF) of atenolol is an attempt to enhance convenience and compliance for geriatric patients suffering from hypertension. Film former is the most essential component in ODF that determines the physical characteristic and drug release. In this study, three different types of film former including HPMC E5 4% (w/v), 5% (w/v), CMC-Na 3% (w/v), 4% (w/v), and Na-alginate 2.5% (w/v), 3% (w/v) were optimized in Formula 1 (F1) to Formula 6 (F6), respectively. A solvent casting method was employed to develop ODF of atenolol. The films formed by HPMC E5 produced a smooth and flexible surface, whereas CMC-Na and Na-alginate produced gritty textured films. Satisfactory results were obtained from several physical parameters such as film thickness, folding endurance, swelling index, and disintegration time. The homogeneity, drug content, and dissolution properties of ODF with HPMC exhibited better characteristics than the other formulas. Formula 1 exhibited the highest drug release compared to the other ODFs. The molecular docking results showed that there was a hydrogen bonding between atenolol and film formers which was also supported by the FTIR spectrum. The findings of this study suggest that HPMC E5 is the most favorable film former for ODF of atenolol.
Plantago major has been empirically used for wound healing. One of its chemical compounds, oleanolic acid, exhibited wound healing activity on hyperglycemic rats. This study aimed to (1) formulate oleanolic acid into topical dosage forms, i.e., cream and gel and (2) evaluate the physical stability of the products. Oleanolic acid was formulated into the dosage forms using stearic acid, isopropyl palmitate, and cetyl alcohol as the cream base and carbomer as the gel base. The cream and gel were then evaluated with accelerated stability test (40±2°C/75±5% RH) and stability test at room temperature (27±2°C/73±5% RH) for six weeks. The physical stability was determined using the following parameters: the visual appearance, density, viscosity, and flow properties of cream and gel, as well as the emulsion type and particle size of the cream. Data analysis were performed using one sample t-test and paired t-test. The results showed that the oleanolic acid cream and gel were able to maintain their visual appearance, density, viscosity, and flow properties during the six-week storage. Also, the oleanolic acid cream was able to keep its particle size and emulsion type during the tests.
Many food emulsions based on oil-in-water (O/W) emulsion such as cream, mayonnaise, dressings, and so on were quite important to improve the dish savory. Recently, low-fat products gained some attraction due to the increasing awareness of the people regarding healthy food and healthy lifestyle. The development of water-in-oil-in-water (W/O/W) emulsion seemed quite promising in order to reduce the oil content of the whole emulsion. However, the stability of W/O/W emulsion was hardly maintained as compared to those of O/W single emulsion. Rice husk silica which tended to be hydrophilic was used to stabilize the outer interfacial layer with some pH adjustment. The inner emulsion was prepared by dispersing the palm oil into inner aqueous phase containing the mixture of Tween 20 and Span 80. The inner emulsion was then dispersed into the outer aqueous phase containing rice husk ash of which pH was previously adjusted (2, 3, and 4). The emulsification was conducted using a rotor stator homogenizer. The results showed that the highest W/O/W stability was achieved when silica was dispersed at very low pH of 2. The decay rate obtained from exponential decay model fitted into the destabilization curve of emulsion prepared at pH 2 was much lower with the order of 2 as compared to those obtained from emulsions prepared at higher pH's. The emulsion stability maintained at 80% after 7 days and estimated half time of about 0.92 day. The pickering double emulsion with rice husk silica seemed promising to substitute the use of polymeric emulsifiers besides providing a more stable emulsions against heat and shear during the food processing.
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