Development, Evaluation, and Molecular Docking of Oral Dissolving Film of Atenolol

Abstract

The development of oral dissolving film (ODF) of atenolol is an attempt to enhance convenience and compliance for geriatric patients suffering from hypertension. Film former is the most essential component in ODF that determines the physical characteristic and drug release. In this study, three different types of film former including HPMC E5 4% (w/v), 5% (w/v), CMC-Na 3% (w/v), 4% (w/v), and Na-alginate 2.5% (w/v), 3% (w/v) were optimized in Formula 1 (F1) to Formula 6 (F6), respectively. A solvent casting method was employed to develop ODF of atenolol. The films formed by HPMC E5 produced a smooth and flexible surface, whereas CMC-Na and Na-alginate produced gritty textured films. Satisfactory results were obtained from several physical parameters such as film thickness, folding endurance, swelling index, and disintegration time. The homogeneity, drug content, and dissolution properties of ODF with HPMC exhibited better characteristics than the other formulas. Formula 1 exhibited the highest drug release compared to the other ODFs. The molecular docking results showed that there was a hydrogen bonding between atenolol and film formers which was also supported by the FTIR spectrum. The findings of this study suggest that HPMC E5 is the most favorable film former for ODF of atenolol.

Quality by Design Supported Construction of Oral Fast-Dissolving Films for Telmisartan: Reconnoitering the Quality Attributes

“…This procedure needed a petri dish, a plate glass, and the scale. Predetermined time intervals are recorded as the film's weight increases until there is no longer any rise in weight [40].…”

The Potential of Films as Transmucosal Drug Delivery Systems

“…Based on a brief analysis of these studies, the most cited polymers were HPMC, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP), and sodium alginate (SA), while in relation to production methods, solvent casting was the most used technique. Finally, the health conditions mentioned were: (a) hypertension [69][70][71][72][73][74][75], (b) psychological disorders [76][77][78][79][80], (c) migraine [61,[81][82][83][84][85], (d) allergic conditions [85][86][87][88][89][90], (e) vomiting and nausea [91,92], (f) diabetes [60,93,94], (g) menopausal symptoms [95,96], (h) erectile dysfunction [97], (i) tuberculosis [98], (j) Alzheimer's [99], (k) smoking [59], (l) heart failure [100], (m) epilepsy [82], (n) HIV [101], and (o) sedation [102]. Below, we describe examples of recently published studies that were successful in the development of buccal films.…”

Captopril Polyvinyl Alcohol/Sodium Alginate/Gelatin-Based Oral Dispersible Films (ODFs) with Modified Release and Advanced Oral Bioavailability for the Treatment of Pediatric Hypertension

“…Even in adult populations, the need to swallow a tablet has been reported to be a reason for 8% of patients to show poor adherence to the medicine and 4% to stop taking the medicine completely [ 16 ]. For example, atenolol-based oral films composed of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, sodium alginate, and carboxymethyl cellulose sodium were prepared as a more convenient alternative to tablets for elderly patients with hypertension [ 17 ]. More recently, ODFs have attracted growing attention as a potential dosage form for pediatrics because they can solve various administration-compliance-related issues, such as choking risk, palatability, and instability problems inherent to liquid dosage forms [ 18 ].…”