AIM:The aim of this randomized study was to compare exercise program to control group regarding pain, back disability, behavioural outcomes, global health measures and back mobility who underwent microdiscectomy operation. MATErIAL and METHods:Thirty patients who underwent lumbar microdiscectomy were randomized into exercıse and control groups. After surgery, patients in the exercıse group undertook a 12-week home based exercise program, started immediately postsurgery and concentrated on improving strength and endurance of the back, abdominal muscles, lower extremities and mobility of the spine and hips. Outcome measures were: Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), Beck Depression scale, lumbar schober, Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), return to work (return-to-work status), generic functional status (SF-36).rEsuLTs: Treatment compliance was high in both groups. Surgery improved pain, disability, general health status, lumbar mobility and behavioural status. After the exercise program, the exercise group showed further improvements in these measures at 12 week after surgery. CoNCLusIoN:A 12-week postoperative exercise program starting immediately after surgery can improve pain, disability, and spinal function in patients who have undergone microdiscectomy.KEywords: Exercise therapy, Lumbosacral radicular syndrome, Microdiscectomy ÖZ AMAÇ: Çalışma, mikrodiskektomi ameliyatı sonrası egzersiz verilen grup ile verilmeyen kontrol grubunun ağrı, disabilite, duygu durumu, genel sağlık durumu ve bel mobilitesinin karşılaştırmasını amaçlamaktadır. yÖNTEM ve GErEÇLEr: 30 hasta çalışmaya alındı. Egzersiz grubuna ameliyat sonrası erken dönemde başlanılan, 12 hafta süren, ev tabanlı, bel, bacak, abdominal kasları kuvvetlendirici, enduransı arttırıcı ve bel mobilizasyonu artıran egzersiz tedavisi verildi. Ölçüm sonuçlarımız: Oswestry Disability Indeksi (ODI), Beck Depresyon Skalası, Lomber Schober, Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), işe dönüş zamanı, genel fonksiyonel durum (SF-36).BuLGuLAr: Her iki grupta da tedaviye iyi yanıt alındı. Cerrahi girişim ile ağrı, disablite, genel sağlık durumu, duygu durum ve bel mobilitesinde iyileşme gözlemlendi. Egzersiz programından sonra, egzersiz grubu, kontrol grubuna kıyasla 12 hafta sonra ağrı, disabilte ve genel sağlık durumunda anlamlı iyileşme gösterdi. soNuÇ: Operasyon sonrası erken dönemde başlanılan 12 haftalık egzersiz tedavisi, mikrodiskektomi geçiren hastalarda ağrının, disabiltenin azalması ve genel sağlık durumunun iyileşmesinde etkili olabilir.ANAHTAr sÖZCÜKLEr: Egzersiz tedavisi, Lumbosakral radiküler sendrom, Mikrodiskektomi

Genistein was shown to promote recovery in experimental peripheral neuropathy and chronic peripheral nerve injury (23,24). However, the effect of genistein in animal models of acute crush injury or complete transection of peripheral nerve has not yet been investigated.The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of genistein after experimental sciatic nerve crush injury and complete sciatic nerve transection in rats and to compare its effects with those of gabapentin. █ INTRODUCTIONA lthough microsurgical techniques have been developed and positive effects of clinically and experimentally different neurotrophic drugs, steroids, hormones, and even low-dose radiation have been reported, desirable motor and sensory recovery after peripheral nerve injury is a clinical challenge (6,16,18,20,25). Methylprednisolone and gabapentin are considered as reference agents, against which the medical treatment of traumatic peripheral nerve injury is evaluated. However, their adverse effects are a major limitation associated with their clinical use (16). AIM:To investigate the effects of genistein in a rat model of sciatic nerve crush injury and complete sciatic nerve transection. The effects of genistein were compared with those of gabapentin, which is widely used in clinical practice for peripheral nerve injury. MATERIAL and METHODS:Forty-eight rats were randomly divided into six groups (8 rats in each group): group 1 (sham); group 2, sciatic nerve crush injury (control); group 3, sciatic nerve crush injury+genistein 20 mg/kg; group 4, sciatic nerve crush injury+gabapentin 90 mg/kg; group 5, sciatic nerve transection+genistein 20 mg/kg; group 6, sciatic nerve transection+gabapentin 90 mg/kg. The effects of genistein and gabapentin were assessed with immunohistochemical staining for growth associated protein-43 (GAP-43) and myelin basic protein (MBP). Interleukin-1β and tumor necrosis factor α levels in the injured nerve specimens were assessed as a measure of inflammatory response; walking track analysis and sciatic function index for neurological recovery and the paw mechanical withdrawal threshold were examined for neuropathic pain. RESULTS:On histopathological examination, genistein use was associated with a greater immunoreactivity for GAP-43 and MBP compared with that associated with gabapentin. Genistein and gabapentin had similar effects on anti-inflammatory activity, functional recovery, and neuropathic pain. CONCLUSION:Genistein and gabapentin exhibit positive effects on histopathology, inflammation, and clinical findings of peripheral nerve injury. When the systemic side effects of gabapentin are considered, genistein (a basic soy isoflavone that has no side effects) can be used as an alternative to medical treatment in peripheral nerve injury.

Superficial temporal artery (STA) aneurysms are very infrequent. Moreover, true aneurysms, which are not pseudoaneurysms associated with trauma or previous surgery are even rarer. With this manuscript, authors present a case of a 79-year-old woman suffering from subarachnoid hemorrhage whose radiological examinations revealed multiple intracranial aneurysms along with an STA aneurysm. This very rare case, to the best of our knowledge, the second case reported so far, might contribute to the literature and lead further investigations toward the rare association between intracranial aneurysms and STA aneurysms.

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CAPE has a positive effect on spinal cord injuries by preventing apoptosis.

Scalp arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are abnormal vascular lesions that can be treated safely and effectively, with surgical or endovascular approaches. Because of their complex vascularity, the detailed preoperative evaluation must be carefully performed. Here, we present a case of scalp AVM that required two operations as a result of a misdiagnosis because of inadequate preoperative assessment.

Sixth nerve palsy is frequently due to infectious orbital lesions, trauma, elevated intracranial pressure, brainstem lesions, and vasculopathies. Here, we describe a rare cause of sixth cranial nerve (CN) palsy secondary to calvarial and orbital metastasis of prostate carcinoma. The diagnosis of the prostate carcinoma with sixth CN palsy is a very rare condition. A 66-year-old male patient presented with complaints of blurred vision, double vision, and inability to move outward in the right eye for 3 weeks. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a right orbitocalvarial mass and the mass surgically removed completely. Pathologic findings were compatible with prostate adenocarcinoma metastasis. After surgical removal, significant improvement in sixth CN palsy was observed.