Electrowetting displays provide a high white state reflectance of >50% and have attracted substantial world-wide interest, yet are primarily an industrially led effort with few details on preferred materials and fabrication processes. Reported herein is the first complete description of the electrowetting display fabrication process. The description includes materials selection, purification and all fabrication steps from substrate selection to sealing. Challenging materials and fabrication processes include dielectric optimization, fluoropolymer selection, hydrophilic grid patterning, liquid dosing, dye purification and liquid ionic content. The process described herein has produced pixel arrays that were switched at <15 V on active-matrix backplanes, and which have individual sub-pixel areas of <50 × 150 μm 2 . The majority of fabrication processes can conform to liquid-crystal style manufacturing equipment, and therefore can be readily adopted by many display practitioners. Also presented are additional tips and techniques, such as controlling the onset of oil film break-up in an electrowetting display. This paper should enable anyone skilled in displays or microfabrication to quickly and successfully set up research and fabrication of electrowetting displays.

How the application of commercial (thin film) flat panel display technology, used in the production of flexible displays and flexible digital X-ray detectors, can also be applied to reduce the manufacturing cost of wearable biomedical devices, as well as potentially improve their diagnostic functionality, is explored. As a technology platform to evaluate the presented new concept, a prototype photoplethysmograph biosensor using a flexible organic light-emitting diode display and pin photodiode (thin film) sensor technology for optical heart rate monitoring is developed.

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Field emission displays, due to their low driver electronics cost, are a competitive technology for large area flat screen displays. They are particularly well-suited for HDTV resolution displays which incorporate an enormous number of driver outputs. Here we demonstrate the suitability of nanotube-based field emission technology to obtain a high performance full-color display with 726 µm pixels, the proper size for a 42" 1280x720 HDTV resolution display. We report results of brightness, beam divergence, and uniformity measurements, and we show RGB color video images.

Abstract— Using nano‐emissive display (NED) technology, Motorola labs has successfully developed 5‐in. full‐color display prototypes. Carbon‐nanotube‐based field‐emission displays with a pixel size of 0.726 mm for a 42‐in. HDTV exhibit video image quality comparable to CRT displays and demonstrate a luminance of 350 cd/m2. These novel low‐drive‐voltage NEDs take advantage of selective growth of CNTs to obtain the desired electron‐emission performance while maintaining inexpensive manufacturing due to a simple self‐focusing and self‐regulating planar structure. Improved video image quality and color purity are achieved with very low power consumption and without the need for an expensive focusing grid.