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Extractive lactic acid fermentation was investigated in the presence of sun¯ower oil and Alamine-336 (with oleyl alcohol as the diluent solvent). Lactic acid was produced in various media at 37°C using Lactobacillus delbrueckii (NRRL-B 445). First, the effects of oleyl alcohol (33.3%, v/v), immobilisation, and immobilisation in the presence of sun¯ower oil (5, 10, 15%, v/v) on lactic acid production were investigated. It was found that oleyl alcohol did not affect production while addition of sun¯ower oil increased lactic acid production from 10.22 to 16.46 gdm À3 . On the other hand, a toxic effect was observed for oleyl alcohol solutions containing 15±50% (v/v) Alamine-336. A maximum total lactic acid concentration of 25.59 gdm À3 was obtained when an oleyl alcohol solution containing 15%

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