-The objective of this study was to investigate the morphology, anatomy and germination behaviour of Phoenix roebelenii seeds. Biometric data were obtained by measuring 100 seeds extracted from recently harvested fruits and air-dried for one day. Four replications of 50 seeds each were previously treated with Vitavax-Thiran and then put to germinate in Sphagnum sp. in plastic trays at room temperature. Morphological details of the seeds were documented with the help of a scanning electronic microscope and then drawings were made with the help of a clear camera coupled to a stereomicroscope. Permanent lamina containing embryo sections were prepared to study its anatomy. The mean dimensions of the seeds were: length of 10.32mm, width of 5.21mm and thickness of 3.91mm. The weight of one thousand seeds was of 151.1g and the mean number of units.kg -1 was 6,600. Germination started between 27 and 58 days after sowing. The seeds are of the albuminous type, the endosperm is hard and the embryo (which is not clearly differentiated) occupies a lateral and peripheral position. During seed germination, seedling protrusion begins with the opening of an operculum, through which the cotyledon petiole is emitted with the embryonic axis at its tip. The portion of the cotyledon petiole that remains inside the seeds acts as a haustorium for the absorption of nutrients from the endosperm. The plumule emerges through a rift in the posterior part of the cotyledon. Secondary roots are observed to grow from the anterior part of the primary root.Index terms: palm, pigmy date palm, pyrene, seedling. ANATOMIA E GERMINAÇÃO DE SEMENTES DE Phoenix roebelenii O'Brien (ARECACEAE)RESUMO -O objetivo desse trabalho foi estudar a morfologia, anatomia e o processo germinativo de sementes de Phoenix roebelenii. Para o levantamento dos dados biométricos foram utilizadas 100 sementes de frutos recém-colhidos, deixados secar ao ar por um dia. Para a germinação, quatro repetições de 50 sementes tratadas com Vitavax-Thiran foram semeadas em bandejas de plástico, contendo Sphagnum sp. como substrato e mantidas sob condições ambientais de laboratório. Detalhes da morfologia da semente foram documentados com o uso de microscopia eletrônica de varredura e esquematizados com auxílio de câmara clara, acoplada ao estereomicroscópio. Foram confeccionadas lâminas permanentes com cortes do embrião, para o estudo de sua anatomia. As dimensões médias das sementes foram: 10,32mm comprimento, 5,21mm largura e 3,91mm espessura. O peso de 1000 sementes foi de 151,1g e 1kg continha 6600 unidades. O início da germinação variou entre 27 e 58 dias. As sementes são albuminosas, com endosperma duro e o embrião é pouco diferenciado, lateral e periférico. A germinação inicia-se pela abertura de um opérculo, através do qual é emitido o pecíolo cotiledonar com o eixo embrionário na extremidade. O pecíolo funciona, internamente, como um haustório, digerindo gradativamente o endosperma. Na sua parte posterior, desenvolve-se a plúmula, que emerge através de uma fenda. Nota...
-Queen palm is a tropical species of ecological importance and economic potential in various uses, including food. however, the knowledge about the nutritional value of fruits and the estimation of seed viability are still scarce. the aims of this work were to study the biometrics and chemical composition of fruits and seeds; describe the anatomy of embryos and assess the viability of the tetrazolium test. Mature fruits were collected, processed and submitted to biometry, water content, pulp and seeds chemical composition, germination and emergence in the laboratory evaluations. For the tetrazolium test, whole embryos were immersed in solution at 40 °c for one, two, four and six hours and compared with germination. the fruit pulp is rich in carbohydrates. the tetrazolium test performed at 40 ° c and 0.2% solution for two hours is adequate to estimate seed viability. Index terms: Queen palm, embryo; Germination; Palm. Pyrene. COMPOSIÇÃO QUÍMICA E TESTE DE TETRAZÓLIO EM SEMENTES DE Syagrus romanzoffiana (Cham.) GLASSMANRESUMO -O coqueiro-jerivá é uma espécie tropical de importância ecológica e potencial econômico em diversos usos, inclusive alimentício. contudo, o conhecimento sobre o valor nutricional dos frutos e a estimativa da viabilidade de sementes ainda são escassos na literatura. Os objetivos deste trabalho foram estudar a biometria e a composição centesimal de frutos e sementes; descrever a anatomia dos embriões, e avaliar o uso do teste de tetrazólio. Frutos maduros e recém-colhidos foram processados e submetidos à avaliação de dados biométricos, teor de água e composição química da polpa e das sementes, avaliação da germinação e emergência de plântulas em laboratório. Para o tetrazólio, embriões inteiros foram imersos na solução, a 40 °c, por uma, duas, quatro e seis horas, e comparados com teste de germinação e da emergência. A polpa dos frutos é rica em carboidratos.O teste de tetrazólio conduzido a 40°c, em solução de concentração a 0,2%, durante duas horas, é adequado para estimar a viabilidade das sementes. Termos para indexação: coqueiro-jerivá, embrião, Germinação, Palmeira, Pirênio.1 (Paper 094-15).
-The objective of this research was to study the physiological maturation of Phoenix roebelenii seeds to determine the ideal harvesting time. The fruits, after their formation, were harvested weekly from 33 days after anthesis (d.a.a.) until 194 d.a.a., in a total of 23 harvestings. The seeds were evaluated from 68 up to 194 d.a.a. under laboratory conditions. Biometrical data of the fruits (length and diameter) and seeds (length, width and thickness) were obtained. The moisture content, the fresh and dry matter from the fruits and seeds, and the seed germination and the speed of germination index (SGI) were also recorded. According to the results obtained, it was observed that the physiological maturation point of seeds of P.roebelenii occurred at 138 d.a.a., and the harvesting period could be extended up to 194 d.a.a.
Termos para indexação: diásporo, palmeira, temperatura, índice de velocidade de germinação. SUBSTRATES AND TEMPERATURES ON GERMINATION OF Phoenix roebelenii O´BrienABSTRACT -The present research was divided in two studies using Phoenix roebelenii seeds with moisture content of 21,83%. In the first, the effects of four substrates (vermiculite, sawdust, sand and Sphagnum sp.) and five temperatures (20°C, 25°C, 30°C, 35°C and 40°C) were evaluated on the germination and SGI (Speed of Germination Index). In the second, the effects of these substrates were studied on the germination and seedlings (dry weight and length of the root and aerial part) under uncontrolled conditions with temperature between 27 and 28,5°C. The germination test under controlled temperatures was developed with 8 hours of light and 16 hours of darkness, in a box (gerbox). The a complete randomized block design was used in a 5x4 factorial scheme. Under environmental conditions, the experimental design had four treatments (substrata). The data of germination percentage were transformed in arc sen √x/100. The averages were compared by the Tukey test (= 0,05). The temperatures of 25°C and 30°C resulted in larger germination percentage, regardless of the substrate, while best SGI was obtained at 30°C, with Sphagnum sp. or sand. The Sphagnun sp. is the best substrate for most of the evaluated characteristics in the seedlings. The use of vermiculite is not recommended as substrate for SGI tests of dwarf palm seeds and seedlings.
The advancement of knowledge and technologies for production, quality assessment and conservation of seeds of E. edulis is a need imposed by the high demand for this plants. Information on biometry, chemical composition and anatomy of seeds and seedlings give basis for the marking of future studies. The objectives of this study were to describe the biometrics and chemical composition of fruits and seeds, the anatomy of embryos; assess the viability of seeds by tetrazolium and classify the seeds of Euterpe edulis Mart. as for desiccation and storage tolerance. Seeds were analyzed for biometrics, water content, chemical composition, germination and seedling emergence. For the tetrazolium test, embryonic axes were immersed in a solution at 40°C for one, two, four and six hours. As for desiccation tolerance, seeds with water content of 45.7, 12 and 5% were evaluated for germination. E. edulis seeds have 83.1% carbohydrates and recalcitrant behavior, and the tetrazolium test conducted at 40°C in solution at 0.2% concentration for two hours proved to be adequate to estimate seed viability. Composição química, anatomia do embrião e viabilidade pelo teste de tetrazólio em pirênios de Euterpe edulis Mart.RESUMO A demanda por sementes de E. edulis torna necessário o desenvolvimento de conhecimentos e tecnologias favoráveis à sua produção, avaliação da qualidade e conservação. Informações sobre biometria, composição química e descrição anatômica da semente e plântula possibilitam o balizamento de estudos futuros. Os objetivos deste trabalho foram: descrever a biometria e composição química de frutos e sementes, a anatomia dos embriões; avaliar a viabilidade pelo tetrazólio e classificar as sementes de Euterpe edulis Mart. quanto a tolerância à dessecação e ao armazenamento. As sementes foram submetidas à determinação biométrica, teor de água, composição química, avaliação da germinação e emergência de plântulas. Para o tetrazólio, eixos embrionários foram imersos na solução, a 40 °C por uma, duas, quatro e seis horas. Quanto a tolerância à dessecação, sementes com teores de água de 45,7; 12 e 5% foram avaliadas pelo teste de germinação. As sementes de E. edulis possuem 83,1% de carboidratos, são de comportamento recalcitrante e o teste de tetrazólio conduzido a 40 °C, em solução com concentração 0,2%, durante duas horas é adequado para estimar a viabilidade das sementes.
The objective of this study was to organize, to report and to comment the information obtained during the elaboration and implementation of a project for revitalization of the square where the main canteen of the Campus of Jaboticabal of UNESP is situated. The results of the project were also evaluated.
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