INTRODUÇÃOA semente é o principal insumo agrícola, uma vez que transporta para o campo todo o potencial genético da espécie, e, para que este se expresse, é necessário, dentre outros fatores, que a semente possua elevado potencial fisiológico e ausência de patógenos.Sementes de milho são susceptíveis a diversos fungos prejudiciais, durante as diferentes fases de produção, principalmente durante o estabelecimento ABSTRACT RESUMO da cultura, e estes ocasionam redução na população de plantas e enfraquecimento de plântulas, durante as etapas iniciais de seu desenvolvimento (Cappelini et al. 2005). Algumas espécies do gênero Fusarium têm sido associadas a doenças do milho, como Fusarium graminearum Schwabe (teleomorfo, Gibberella zeae (Scw.) Petch) e Fusarium verticillioides (Sacc.) Nirenberg (sinônimo, Fusarium moniliforme Sheldon; teleomorfo, Gibberella moniliformes, si-1. Trabalho recebido em fev./2013 e aceito para publicação em jan./2014 (nº registro: PAT 22694).

-Queen palm is a tropical species of ecological importance and economic potential in various uses, including food. however, the knowledge about the nutritional value of fruits and the estimation of seed viability are still scarce. the aims of this work were to study the biometrics and chemical composition of fruits and seeds; describe the anatomy of embryos and assess the viability of the tetrazolium test. Mature fruits were collected, processed and submitted to biometry, water content, pulp and seeds chemical composition, germination and emergence in the laboratory evaluations. For the tetrazolium test, whole embryos were immersed in solution at 40 °c for one, two, four and six hours and compared with germination. the fruit pulp is rich in carbohydrates. the tetrazolium test performed at 40 ° c and 0.2% solution for two hours is adequate to estimate seed viability. Index terms: Queen palm, embryo; Germination; Palm. Pyrene. COMPOSIÇÃO QUÍMICA E TESTE DE TETRAZÓLIO EM SEMENTES DE Syagrus romanzoffiana (Cham.) GLASSMANRESUMO -O coqueiro-jerivá é uma espécie tropical de importância ecológica e potencial econômico em diversos usos, inclusive alimentício. contudo, o conhecimento sobre o valor nutricional dos frutos e a estimativa da viabilidade de sementes ainda são escassos na literatura. Os objetivos deste trabalho foram estudar a biometria e a composição centesimal de frutos e sementes; descrever a anatomia dos embriões, e avaliar o uso do teste de tetrazólio. Frutos maduros e recém-colhidos foram processados e submetidos à avaliação de dados biométricos, teor de água e composição química da polpa e das sementes, avaliação da germinação e emergência de plântulas em laboratório. Para o tetrazólio, embriões inteiros foram imersos na solução, a 40 °c, por uma, duas, quatro e seis horas, e comparados com teste de germinação e da emergência. A polpa dos frutos é rica em carboidratos.O teste de tetrazólio conduzido a 40°c, em solução de concentração a 0,2%, durante duas horas, é adequado para estimar a viabilidade das sementes. Termos para indexação: coqueiro-jerivá, embrião, Germinação, Palmeira, Pirênio.1 (Paper 094-15).

Physiological potential characterization of seed lots is usually performed by germination and vigor tests; however, the choice of a single test does not reflect such potential, once each test assesses seeds of differentiated mode. Multivariate techniques allow understanding structural dependence contained in each variable, as well as characterize groups of seed lots according to specific standards. The study aimed at evaluating variability among soybean seed lots and discriminate these lots by multivariate exploratory techniques as function of seed vigor. Experiment was performed with 20 soybean seed lots (10 lots cv. BRS Valiosa RR and 10 lots cv. M-SOY 7908 RR). Seed physiological potential was assessed by testing for: germination (standard, and under different water availability); vigor (accelerated aging and electrical conductivity); and field seedling emergence. Cluster analysis of seed lots, as well as Principal Component Analysis was performed using data obtained on all tests. Multivariate techniques allowed stratifying seed lots into two distinct groups. Principal Component Analysis showed that values obtained for variables: field seedling emergence, accelerated aging, and germination under different water availability were linked to BRS Valiosa RR; while to variables germination and electrical conductivity, were linked to M-SOY 7908 RR.

The growing demand for high quality soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] seeds requires a precise seed quality control system from the seed industry. One way to accomplish this is by improving vigor testing. Cold test has been traditionally employed for corn seeds. However, it has also been used for other seed crops such as cotton (Gossypium spp.), soybean (Glycine Max), dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) and pea (Pisum sativum). This study was carried out with the objective of adjusting an alternative procedure for the cold test to determine soybean seed vigor. Six commercial soybean seed lots of the cultivar BRS 133 were used. The physiological potential of the seed lots was evaluated by germination on paper towel and sand box, seedling field emergence, tetrazolium, accelerated aging and electrical conductivity tests. Seed moisture content was also determined. The temperature used for the cold test procedures was 10°C during five days. Four cold test procedures were evaluated: i) plastic boxes with soil; ii) rolled paper towel with soil; iii) rolled paper towel without soil, and iv) an alternative procedure, using rolled paper towel without soil under cold water. A completely randomized experimental design with eight replications was used and the means were compared by the Tukey test (p = 0.05). To verify the dependence between the alternative test and others single linear correlation was used. All cold test procedures had similar coefficients of variation (CV), highlighting that rolled paper towel with soil and the alternative procedure had the best performance, with an average of 94% and 93% normal seedlings and CV of 3.2% and 3.6%, respectively. The alternative procedure has satisfactory results for estimating soybean seed vigor, yielding consistent results compared to the traditional procedure. Key words: Glycine max (L.) Merrill, physiological potential, emergence, vigor tests Procedimento alternativo para o teste de frio em semente de soja RESUMO: A crescente demanda por semente de soja [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] de alta qualidade tem requerido da indústria de sementes um controle de qualidade mais preciso. Uma maneira de conseguir isso é pela melhoria dos testes de vigor. O teste de frio tem sido empregado em sementes de milho, no entanto, tem sido usado também para sementes de algodão (Gossypium spp.), soja (Glycine Max), feijão ((Phaseolus vulgaris) e ervilha (Pisum sativum). Este estudo foi conduzido com objetivo de ajustar o procedimento do teste para determinar o vigor de semente de soja. Foram utilizados seis lotes comerciais de semente de soja, cultivar BRS 133. O potencial fisiológico dos lotes foi avaliado usando-se os testes de germinação em rolo de papel toalha, tipo germitest, e em caixa com areia, de emergência de plântulas em campo, de tetrazólio, de envelhecimento acelerado e de condutividade elétrica. Determinou-se também o teor de água das sementes. Para composição dos procedimentos do teste de frio foi utilizada temperatura de 10°C, tempo de permanência no frio por cinco dias, e qua...

Physiological and health quality of peanut seeds during the production processAbstract -The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of production process stages on the physiological and health quality of peanut seeds. A completely randomized design with 12 treatments and four replicates was used. Treatments consisted of plant uprooting, plant gathering, transportation, drying, storage (two, four, and six months), and the following processing steps: mechanical threshing, classification by size, separation by density and color, and chemical treatment. Water content, health quality, germination, and vigor of seeds were evaluated after each treatment. Aspergillus spp. and Penicillium sp. were found in the seeds. In the first year, after mechanical threshing, seeds showed a reduced performance. In the production process, storage promoted the infection of 100% of the seeds by Aspergillus spp. The chemical treatment was effective in restoring seed health quality. Mechanical threshing steps and storage reduce the seed quality of peanut.

A colheita mecanizada é ferramenta fundamental no processo produtivo das grandes culturas; se não for realizada adequadamente, poderá resultar em danos mecânicos severos às sementes, acarretando, prejuízos significativos na colheita, particularmente devido à redução da qualidade. Visando a avaliar os danos causados na colheita mecanizada de soja, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo estudar o efeito do sistema de trilha axial sobre a percentagem de bandinhas, impurezas e sementes quebradas de soja cv. M-Soy 8001, em função da velocidade de trabalho e rotação do cilindro trilhador. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado, em parcelas subdivididas, avaliando-se duas rotações do cilindro trilhador (400 e 500 rpm) e três velocidades de operação (3,5; 4,5 e 5,5 km h-1), com três repetições. Os resultados obtidos indicam que as combinações de velocidade de operação e rotações do cilindro de trilha avaliadas não afetam as variáveis vigor, impurezas, bandinha, emergência em areia e índice de velocidade de germinação e que o aumento da rotação de 400 para 500 rpm ocasiona o aumento de sementes quebradas.

During the production process, obtaining high quality seeds is subject to careful management and quality assessment procedure for the stages process. This work aimed to verify the automated system of image analysis (SVIS ®) efficiency to evaluate the peanut seeds physiological potential obtained during the production process. Treatments consisted of plant digging, combine, transportation, drying, storage (two, four, and six months), and the following processing steps: mechanical threshing, classification by size, separation by density and color, and chemical treatment. The seeds were evaluated by moisture content, germination, vigor and SVIS ®. Data were analyzed by uni and multivariate statistical procedures. During harvest until storage stages, the seeds had high physiological potential. This good quality was not sustained with the following stages. Results of SVIS ® analyses, along with other tests, were highly correlated with the new latent variable obtained by principal component analysis. Results provided by SVIS ® has strong relationship with the other procedures to evaluate the physiological potential of peanut seeds from different stages of the production process.