Several variants of dermatofibroma have been described. They are essentially
distinguished by their clinical and histopathological features. To review the
mainfeaturesof these variants, a retrospective study of skin biopsies and tissue
excisions of dermatofibromasperformed in the dermatology and venereology service
at the Hospital Garcia de Orta between May 2007 and April 2012 was carried out.
During that period, 192 dermatofibromas were diagnosed in 181 patients, the
lesions being more common in women. Median age of the study population was 48
years. The most common lesion site was the limbs (74% of patients). The
histopathological types found were common fibrous histiocytoma (80%) and the
aneurysmal (5.7%),hemosiderotic (5.7%), epithelioid (2.6%), cellular (2.1%),
lipidized (2.1%), atrophic (1.0) and clear cell (0.5%) variants. Based on these
findings, this review focuses on the clinical and histological features of the
various variants of dermatofibroma in terms of their clinical presentation,
distinct histopathological features, differential diagnosis and prognosis.
Perforating granuloma annulare (GA) is a rare subset of GA with an unknown etiology and chronic course. Herein, we report the case of 72 year-old women with a 3-month history of a post-traumatic, persistent, erythematous and exudative plaque located on her left leg. Differential diagnosis included mycobacterial infection, subcutaneous mycosis, perforating dermatoses, pyoderma and squamous cell carcinoma. The histopathology was highly suggestive of a perforating GA. The patient was treated with betamethasone dipropionate cream applied once daily and a complete resolution of the lesion was observed in three weeks. Despite being a very rare subtype of a common disease, perforating granuloma annulare has clinical and histopathological characteristic features that facilitate the differential diagnosis, avoiding unnecessary procedures and inadequate and potentially more invasive treatments.
Metastatic ovarian cancer uncommonly presents with skin metastasis. When present,
skin metastases of ovarian cancer are usually localized in the vicinity of the
primary tumor. We report a case of a 58-year-old woman with a rapid growing
erythematous, well-defined nodule localized on the left nasal ala. A skin biopsy
was performed and histopathological and immunohistochemical findings were
compatible with a cutaneous metastasis of adenocarcinoma. A systematic
investigation revealed a bilateral ovarian cystadenocarcinoma associated with
visceral dissemination, likely associated with nose cutaneous metastasis. We
report a very uncommon case because of the presentation of ovarian carcinoma as
cutaneous metastasis. To our knowledge, this atypical localization on the nose
has not been described yet in the literature.
Brooke–Spiegler syndrome is an autosomal dominant inherited disease characterized by the development of multiple trichoepitheliomas and cylindromas. We report two patients with Brooke–Spiegler syndrome whose scalp cylindromas were treated with a high‐energy continous wave CO2 laser after debulking with bipolar scissors in one of the patients. The special feature in our report is the coexistence of three adnexal skin neoplasms in one case, and the close association of cylindroma and eccrine spiradenoma in the same lesion. We also support that debulking with bipolar scissors prior to laser therapy can be a technique of great benefit in large tumors.
Scleredema adultorum of Buschke is a rare disorder characterized by diffuse swelling
and non-pitting induration of the skin usually involving the face, neck, arms and
upper trunk. It has been associated with previous infectious diseases, diabetes,
paraproteinemia and, more rarely, malignant neoplasms or autoimmune disorders. We
report the case of a 30-year-old man who presented with a 2-year history of
scleredema. Further investigation led to the diagnosis of primary Sjögren’s syndrome.
The association between scleredema and autoimmune disorders has been rarely seen. To
our knowledge, there are no other reports describing the association between primary
Sjögren’s syndrome and scleredema adultorum of Buschke.
Cutaneous and systemic plasmacytosis is a rare disorder characterized by
cutaneous polyclonal plasma cell infiltration frequently associated with
polyclonal hypergammaglobulinemia and lymphadenopathy. We report a case of a
67-year-old woman with an inflammatory ulcerated plaque in the left masseter
region. A skin biopsy showed dense perivascular infiltrate of mature plasma
cells in the dermis without atypia and immunoglobulin light chain restriction.
After physical examination and further investigation, we ruled out systemic
disease. Our patient was successfully treated only with hydrocortisone cream
application. Few cases of isolated benign primary cutaneous plasmacytosis have
been described, particularly in children. After excluding the diagnosis of a
reactive process to an infection, which is unlikely in this case, we suspected
of a rare manifestation of primary cutaneous plasmacytosis in adults with
distinct presentation and clinical course.
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