RESUMO -Este estudo descreve uma Análise Comportamental do Discurso (ACD), apresenta seus fundamentos e um método para efetivá-la, inferido de O Comportamento Verbal, de Skinner. Propõe a tese de que a ACD possa ser uma vertente de Análise do Discurso (AD), devido aos seus fundamentos epistemológicos: anti-mentalismo, anti-realismo e contextualismo. Discurso é um conjunto de comportamentos verbais sob controle das contingências de reforço (históricas e atuais) cujo sentido advém desse controle. Ao construir seu discurso, o falante combina operantes essenciais (mandos e tatos) em grupos temáticos intraverbais (emitidos às vezes como se fossem tatos) que são modifi cados com autoclíticos apropriados.Palavras-chave: análise do discurso; comportamento verbal; psicologia social comportamental. Behavioral Analysis of Discourse: Basis and MethodABSTRACT -This study describes a Behavioral Analysis of Discourse (BAD). It presents the basis of BAD, describing a method to effect it, inferred from Skinner´s Verbal Behavior. It proposes that BAD could be a modality of Discourse Analysis (DA) due to its epistemological basis: anti-mentalism, anti-realism and contextualism. Discourse is a set of verbal behaviors under the historical control and current contingencies of reinforcement, whose sense come upon that control. In the point of constructing his/her discourse, the speaker combines essential operants (commands and tacts) in intraverbal thematic groups (sometimes emitted as if they are tacts) that are modifi ed with appropriated autoclitics.Key words: discourse analysis; verbal behavior; behavioral social psychology. Diferentes movimentos teórico-metodológicos modifi caram o foco de interesse das pesquisas na Psicologia Social. Algumas historiografi as dessa área (Banchs, 1988;Lane, 1995;Spink & Frezza, 1999) descrevem o impacto desses movimentos nos alvos de investigação dos psicólogos sociais: "percepção", "atitudes", "crenças", "cognição", "representação social", "construções sociais" e, mais recentemente, "discursos". Seja como for, o "dado" da pesquisa psicossocial tem sido basicamente o que as pessoas dizem acerca da realidade social e isso demonstra o importante papel do comportamento verbal no estudo dos processos psicossociais.Teun van Dijk (2004) especifi ca as origens de parte dessas transformações, apontando, nas Ciências Sociais, um crescente interesse no estudo do "uso da linguagem" em conversas. Esse movimento -que ele chamou de "giro discursivo" -vem substituindo a abordagem formal e abstrata da gramática de uma língua pelo "estudo do discurso". A concepção básica dos integrantes desse movimento pode ser assim sintetizada: 1) o conhecimento que as pessoas têm está em seus discursos; e esse conhecimento é compartilhado socialmente entre comunidades; 2) discursos não podem ser isolados do "uso da linguagem", pois "a linguagem, o discurso e o conhecimento são essencialmente sociais" (Dijk, 2004, p. 9).Foi essa concepção básica que deu origem à Psicologia Social do Discurso que, segundo Dijk (2004), adota uma p...
Em Verbal Behavior, Skinner definiu comportamento verbal como aquele que modifica o ambiente pela ação de outras pessoas. A partir da análise das interações do falante com o ambiente e com o ouvinte, ele classificou as relações verbais elementares -mando, tato, intraverbal, textual, ecóico e transcritivo - sobre as quais atuam os processos verbais de segunda ordem - os autoclíticos. O artigo é didático e tem como objetivo definir e servir de instrução para uma classificação funcional dessas relações, ilustrando a classificação das unidades autoclíticas descritivas, qualificadoras, quantificadoras, manipulativas, relacionais e de composição a partir de dados empíricos obtidos da gravação de uma conversa entre estudantes sobre o tema polêmico “adoção de crianças por casais homossexuais”.
Virtual reality (VR) has been shown to be eff ective in the treatment of anxiety disorders. The eff ects of a behavioral intervention procedure that included exposure to VR, diaphragmatic breathing, diff erential reinforcement, and functional analysis of behavior of participants with public speaking anxiety were investigated. The Virtua Therapy simulator with an Oculus Rift® was used for VR exposure. Six university students participated in the procedure involving the following sequence of sessions: initial interview and baseline measures (3-5), intervention (6), closure (1), follow-up (2). In the baseline sessions, the participants gave a speech in a room without an audience (avatars): in the intervention sessions and follow-up they spoke in a classroom or auditorium with an audience, and verbal consequences (feedback) were provided for appropriate speech pitch and speed. Verbal and non-verbal measures of behaviors were recorded. In the intervention sessions, functional analyses of everyday public speaking situations were performed. There was statistically signifi cant diff erence in the pre-and post-intervention data in the Self-Statements during Public Speaking Scale (improvement in self-evaluation) and improvement in speech quality. The conclusion was reached that the intervention procedure contributed to the reduction of anxiety.
Este estudio evaluó los efectos de un programa de intervención en el miedo a conducir. El estudio incluyó la evaluación de: la función de comportamientos de participantes con miedo de conducir; la exposición a la realidad virtual; la capacidad del simulador de generar sensación de presencia y ansiedad; y el cybersickness. Participaron 6 adultos que se quejaban de miedo o fobia a conducir, con edades entre 22 y 54 años, y que poseían pase de conducción. Se utilizó un simulador de conducción de vehículo. El procedimiento consistió en un diseño línea de base múltiple no simultánea, con 11 a 14 sesiones. Los pasos incluyen: entrevista; el establecimiento de la línea base; intervención (exposición a la realidad virtual y evaluaciones funcionales); cerramiento y seguimiento después de 1 y 3 meses. Los participantes no conducían antes del programa de intervención y comenzaron a hacerlo, tanto en el ambiente virtual como en el no virtual, y reportaron una reducción de la ansiedad. Se concluyó que la exposición a la realidad virtual, en combinación con la evaluación conductual-funcional, contribuyó a que los participantes manejaran más y con menos miedo.
The NR3C1 glucocorticoid receptor (GR) gene is a component of the stress response system, which can be regulated by epigenetic mechanisms. NR3C1 methylation has been associated with trauma and mental issues, including depression, post-traumatic stress, anxiety, and personality disorders. Previous studies have reported that stressful events are involved in NR3C1 gene methylation, suggesting that its regulation under environmental effects is complex. The present study aimed to analyze associations involving stressors such as socioeconomic status, health conditions, and lifestyle in relation to NR3C1 methylation in adults. This study included 386 individual users of the Brazilian Public Unified Health System (SUS), and evaluated socioeconomic and health conditions, body mass index, cortisol levels, and lifestyle. Data were correlated with NR3C1 methylation, determined using DNA pyrosequencing. The results showed that alcohol consumption, overweight, and high cortisol levels were related to NR3C1 demethylation, while depression was related to its methylation. Habits, lifestyle, and health status may influence NR3C1 gene regulation via methylation, revealing the complexity of environmental impacts on NR3C1 methylation.
ObjectiveTo assess the association between indicators of psychosocial stress and central adiposity in adult users of the Unified Health System (SUS) from Southeast of Brazil.MethodsThis cross-sectional study was conducted with 384 adults (20 to 59 years old) from the city of Alegre, Southeastern Brazil. The simple random sample represented the population using the public health system of the municipality. The prevalence of obesity was based on the Body Mass Index, and central adiposity (dependent variable) was measured by waist circumference in centimeters. The independent variables were the following indicators of psychosocial stress: food and nutrition insecurity (yes/no), serum cortisol (μg/dL), symptoms suggestive of depression using the Beck Depression Inventory-II ≥ 17 (yes/no), and altered blood pressure ≥ 130/85 mmHg (yes/no). Univariate linear regression was performed between central adiposity and each stress indicator, and later the models were adjusted for socioeconomic, health, and lifestyle variables. All analyses were made separately by rural and urban location.ResultsThe prevalence of weight excess, by the classification of the Body Mass Index ≥ 25.0 kg/m2, was 68.3% and, by waist circumference, 71.5% of individuals presented an increased risk for metabolic complications related to central adiposity. Mean waist circumference scores for the rural and urban population were 89.3 ± 12.7 cm and 92.9 ± 14.7 cm, respectively (p = 0.012). Indicators of stress that were associated with central adiposity were: cortisol in the rural population (β = -0.60; 95% CI = -1.09;-0.11) and altered blood pressure in the urban population (β = 6.66; 95% CI = 2.14;11.18). This occurred both in the raw analysis and in the models adjusted for confounding factors.ConclusionCentral adiposity was inversely associated with cortisol in the rural population and directly associated with higher arterial blood pressure in the urban population, suggesting a local influence on how individuals react to stress.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
334 Leonard St
Brooklyn, NY 11211
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.