ResumoO glúten pode determinar a qualidade da farinha de trigo, conferindo às massas características como elasticidade e capacidade de absorver água, o que torna a elaboração de produtos de panificação isentos de glúten um desafio. Desse modo, o presente estudo buscou avaliar as características físico-químicas e sensoriais de biscoitos elaborados com ingredientes sucedâneos ao trigo, como fécula de mandioca, farinha de soja, de quinoa e de amaranto. Para a caracterização física foram determinados: peso, diâmetro, espessura, fator de expansão e volume específico. Quanto à composição química foram determinados: umidade, cinzas, proteínas, lipídios, fibras alimentares, carboidratos totais, energia, além de pH e acidez. A aceitabilidade foi determinada por meio de uma escala hedônica de nove pontos. As formulações contendo farinhas sucedâneas ao trigo apresentaram bom rendimento, maior teor de cinzas, de proteínas, de lipídios e de fibras alimentares. Também, essas apresentaram percentuais de aceitabilidade superiores a 70%, exceto para a avaliação do sabor da amostra com maior teor de soja (40 g/100g). Conclui-se que as formulações contendo farinhas sucedâneas ao trigo podem ser consideradas promissoras, disponibilizando alternativas alimentares àqueles que almejam produtos com valor nutricional superior e posicionamento único no mercado, visto que os produtos disponíveis muitas vezes possuem baixo valor nutritivo ao serem elaborados com farinhas amiláceas. Palavras-chave: Composição química; Panificação; Fibra alimentar; Análise sensorial. SummaryGluten can determine the quality of wheat flour, providing elasticity and the water holding characteristics of the dough, which makes the preparation of gluten-free bakery products a challenge. Thus the aim of this study was to evaluate the physicochemical and sensory characteristics of cookies made with wheat flour substitutes such as cassava starch, soy, quinoa and amaranth flours. The physical characterization was determined according to the weight, diameter, thickness, expansion factor and specific volume. The chemical composition was determined according to the moisture, ash, protein, fat, dietary fibre and total carbohydrate contents, and also the energy, pH and acidity. Acceptability was determined using a nine-point hedonic scale. The formulations containing the wheat flour substitutes showed good yields, and higher ash, protein, lipid and dietary fibre contents. They also showed percentages of acceptability above 70%, except for the flavour of the sample with the highest soy content (40 g/100g). It was concluded that the formulations containing wheat flour substitutes could be considered promising alternatives for food products with superior nutritional value and a unique market opportunity, since the products available frequently have a low nutritional value due to the fact that they are elaborated with starchy flours.

The NR3C1 glucocorticoid receptor (GR) gene is a component of the stress response system, which can be regulated by epigenetic mechanisms. NR3C1 methylation has been associated with trauma and mental issues, including depression, post-traumatic stress, anxiety, and personality disorders. Previous studies have reported that stressful events are involved in NR3C1 gene methylation, suggesting that its regulation under environmental effects is complex. The present study aimed to analyze associations involving stressors such as socioeconomic status, health conditions, and lifestyle in relation to NR3C1 methylation in adults. This study included 386 individual users of the Brazilian Public Unified Health System (SUS), and evaluated socioeconomic and health conditions, body mass index, cortisol levels, and lifestyle. Data were correlated with NR3C1 methylation, determined using DNA pyrosequencing. The results showed that alcohol consumption, overweight, and high cortisol levels were related to NR3C1 demethylation, while depression was related to its methylation. Habits, lifestyle, and health status may influence NR3C1 gene regulation via methylation, revealing the complexity of environmental impacts on NR3C1 methylation.

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ObjectiveTo assess the association between indicators of psychosocial stress and central adiposity in adult users of the Unified Health System (SUS) from Southeast of Brazil.MethodsThis cross-sectional study was conducted with 384 adults (20 to 59 years old) from the city of Alegre, Southeastern Brazil. The simple random sample represented the population using the public health system of the municipality. The prevalence of obesity was based on the Body Mass Index, and central adiposity (dependent variable) was measured by waist circumference in centimeters. The independent variables were the following indicators of psychosocial stress: food and nutrition insecurity (yes/no), serum cortisol (μg/dL), symptoms suggestive of depression using the Beck Depression Inventory-II ≥ 17 (yes/no), and altered blood pressure ≥ 130/85 mmHg (yes/no). Univariate linear regression was performed between central adiposity and each stress indicator, and later the models were adjusted for socioeconomic, health, and lifestyle variables. All analyses were made separately by rural and urban location.ResultsThe prevalence of weight excess, by the classification of the Body Mass Index ≥ 25.0 kg/m2, was 68.3% and, by waist circumference, 71.5% of individuals presented an increased risk for metabolic complications related to central adiposity. Mean waist circumference scores for the rural and urban population were 89.3 ± 12.7 cm and 92.9 ± 14.7 cm, respectively (p = 0.012). Indicators of stress that were associated with central adiposity were: cortisol in the rural population (β = -0.60; 95% CI = -1.09;-0.11) and altered blood pressure in the urban population (β = 6.66; 95% CI = 2.14;11.18). This occurred both in the raw analysis and in the models adjusted for confounding factors.ConclusionCentral adiposity was inversely associated with cortisol in the rural population and directly associated with higher arterial blood pressure in the urban population, suggesting a local influence on how individuals react to stress.

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Apesar da relevância nacional da agricultura familiar e das políticas governamentais direcionadas, as condições socioeconômicas desta população são pouco conhecidas. O objetivo do estudo foi traçar o perfil socioeconômico de agricultores familiares do município de Muniz Freire, ES. Foram entrevistados 82 agricultores familiares in loco. Para análise dos dados foi utilizada a estatística descritiva. Segundo resultados obtidos, a faixa etária dos entrevistados foi de 20 a 81 anos. Dentre os avaliados, 76,83% declararam possuir filhos. O uso do tabaco foi relatado por 9,76%. A maioria não possuía o ensino fundamental completo. Quando questionados sobre a cor da pele, observou-se predominância de resposta para a cor branca. A maioria dos agricultores eram proprietários da terra e a falta de acesso a sistemas de coleta de lixo e saneamento foi observada. O trabalho na própria lavoura, como atividade exclusiva, foi relatado pela maioria. A análise da renda mensal familiar dos agricultores mostrou que a remuneração era baixa. Com base nestes resultados, foi possível concluir um primeiro levantamento de dados da região os quais contribuirão significantemente para a continuidade do trabalho, estabelecendo futuras ações de extensão e promover a melhoria das condições de saúde e bem estar da população estudada.