BackgroundPapular urticaria is a chronic inflammatory disease caused by exposure to arthropod bites. The disease has been reported in children attending medical centers, but the causes as the risk factors associated with the disease have not been established. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of papular urticaria caused by flea bite and identify the risk factors in children between 1 to 6 years of age in Bogotá D.C, between March 2009 and June 2011.MethodsA cross-sectional, two-stage, clustered study using random probability sampling and stratified with proportional allocation was carried out in children (1–6 years of age) in educational institutions in Bogotá D.C. to determine the prevalence of the disease. Children underwent a dermatological examination by general practitioners with a previous training. Furthermore, digital photographs of skin lesions were taken for further confirmation of the diagnosis by dermatologists. A structured survey was completed by the parents or caregivers, and it was evaluated using an unconditional logistic regression to identify factors associated with the disease.ResultsA total of 2437 children were included in the study. The prevalence of papular urticaria caused by flea bite in this population was 20.3% (CI 95%: 18.2 to 22.5%). The major risk factors associated with the disease were the presence of fleas in households (OR 1.74, CI 95%: 1.35 to 2.25), using mattresses without springs (OR 1.73, CI 95%: 1.20 to 2.50), the use of daily public transportation to carry the children to the educational institutions (OR 1.76, CI 95%: 1.07 to 2.89), having a soil/earth floor in the main bedroom (OR 6.81, CI 95%:1.16–39.96), and having siblings with a history of atopic dermatitis (OR 1.76 CI 95%: 1.07–2.89).ConclusionsA high prevalence of papular urticaria caused by flea bite was found in Bogotá D.C. The main factors associated with the disease might be modified with the implementation of prevention, control strategies in housing, educational institutions, and public transportation.
Background: Skin diseases represent an important part of the morbidity among children and are possibly influenced by geographic, racial, social, cultural, and economic factors. Despite being so frequent around the world, skin diseases have not been important in developing strategies in public health. Aim: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of skin diseases among the student population between 1 and 6 years of age in Bogotá, Colombia between March 2009 and June 2011. Materials and methods: This cross-sectional study was performed across a probabilistic, stratified, randomized sampling by proportional assignment (based on locality and type of institution) and was developed in schools in Bogotá, Colombia. Results: A total of 2437 children between 1 and 6 years of age were examined, and 42.8% (1035) presented a dermatologic disease. Papular urticaria was the most frequent (62.9%) (IC: 58.4%; 67.1%), followed by dermatitis/eczema (13.0%) (IC: 10.8%; 15.4%), and infectious diseases (12.3%) (IC: 9.7%; 15.3%). Conclusion: The research demonstrates a high prevalence of papular urticaria as a result of flea and mosquito bites and infectious diseases of the skin in the studied population. The dermatologic diseases found are easy to diagnose, respond to the proper treatment, and are preventable. However, the fact that many of the examined children likely had not visited the doctor for the detected pathology could indicate the lack of access to health services affecting this population.
Introducción. Colombia es uno de los países de América Latina con mayor incidencia de malaria. El control de la malaria en el país se lleva a cabo en el marco de un programa descentralizado de seguridad social en salud, bajo la responsabilidad de departamentos y municipios. Objetivo. Evaluar el efecto de la descentralización en el contexto del Sistema General de Seguridad Social en Salud, sobre la incidencia de malaria en municipios colombianos. Materiales y métodos. Se realizó un estudio ecológico de tendencia en municipios que notificaron, al menos, cinco casos anuales de malaria en cinco de los siete años del periodo 1998 a 2004, en el cual se solicitó información sobre indicadores de descentralización, afiliación a la seguridad social en salud y casos de malaria a entidades nacionales y a secretarías departamentales y municipales de salud. Se evaluó el comportamiento de las tasas de malaria teniendo en cuenta si el municipio era certificado o no. Se analizaron las medidas repetidas utilizando la ecuación estimada generalizada. Resultados. La certificación (Incidence Rate Ratio, IRR=2,36; IC 95% 1,57-3,56), la proporción de población con necesidades básicas insatisfechas (IRR=9,35; IC 95% 3,66-23,89) y la proporción de población menor de 40 años (IRR=1,18; IC 95% 1,13-1,23) fueron factores asociados con el incremento de la incidencia de malaria en municipios colombianos. Conclusiones. Los factores socioeconómicos y demográficos, además del estado de certificación, se presentan como factores de riesgo para malaria en los municipios colombianos.Palabras clave: malaria, descentralización, sistema de salud, factores de riesgo, Colombia. Decentralization and health system reform: What is their impact on malaria incidence in Colombian municipalities?Introduction. Colombia is one of the Latin-American countries with higher malaria incidence and its control is the responsibility of the departments and municipalities. Objective. To assess the effect of decentralization within the context of the Social Security Health System on the incidence of malaria in Colombian municipalities. Materials and methods. An ecological trend study was carried out in municipalities which reported at least five cases of malaria in 5 of the 7 years between 1998 and 2004. Information on indicators of decentralization of the municipalities, population with health insurance in either the subsidized or contributive regimes as well as incidence of malaria was requested from the health authorities of the departments and municipalities. Socioeconomic and demographic variables were also collected. The behavior of the malaria rates was assessed in relation to the decentralization status of the municipalities. A repeated measure analysis was performed using the generalized estimating equation. Results. The decentralization status of the municipality (IRR=2.36; 95%CI: 1.57-3.56), its proportion of unmet basic needs (IRR=9.35; 95%CI: 3.66-23.89) and of population younger than 40 years of age (IRR=1.8; 95%CI: 1.13-1.23) were associated with malaria inci...
BackgroundMalaria worldwide annual reported cases range between 250 and 500 million and nearly half a million deaths are reported every year. Colombia has a vast expanse of territory with environmental and social conditions conducive to malaria transmission, which is the reason why it has second place in Latin America for the number of cases of malaria.MethodsThis is a retrospective, paired, case–control study that compares patients with severe malaria and malaria patients without mention of complication. Medical records of patients with confirmed malaria diagnosis were reviewed. The objective of this study was to identify factors associated with complicated malaria in three municipalities of Colombia during the period 2009–2013.ResultsA total sample of 180 medical records was collected, 60 corresponding to cases and 120 to controls following a 1:2 ratio. From the total sample, 88.33 % (159) of subjects were originally from Tumaco, 7.78 %, most of the patients of the study (104) were diagnosed and treated in 2013. Among the laboratory findings, the platelet count was found to have statistically significant differences between cases and controls; this was also true for total bilirubin value and transaminases. The most prevalent severity finding was clinical jaundice, followed by elevated bilirubin (25 %) and elevated transaminases (44.4 %). Thrombocytopenia was found in 11/44 cases (20 %) and only five of 60 patients (8.3 %) presented severe anaemia. The multivariate analysis showed that a platelet count <100,000 and clinical jaundice not associated with organ failure, were the two variables associated with severe malaria in the patients described.ConclusionsMost of the cases studied, despite meeting criteria of severity, were shown not to be as morbid or severe as in other countries. Clinical jaundice and thrombocytopaenia are associated with severe malaria, and they can be used by general practitioners or primary care physicians to promptly identify patients who may have severe malaria.
Objetivo. Identificar factores demográficos y clínicos asociados con la mortalidad por dengue grave en cinco departamentos de Colombia. Material y métodos. Análisis secundario de un estudio de casos y controles basado en pacientes admitidos de 2009 a 2013. Los casos fueron pacientes que murieron por dengue y los controles fueron pacientes con dengue grave sobrevivientes a la enfermedad. Se utilizó el procedimiento de Mantel-Haenszel para identificar los factores. Resultados. Analizando 58 casos y 121 controles, cuatro factores fueron asociados con la mortalidad por dengue: administración hospitalaria de dipirona (RMa=6.38 IC95% 2.41-16.86) y de acetaminofén (RMa=0.25 IC95% 0.10-0.61), presencia de comorbilidad (RMa=3.52 IC95% 1.51-8.18) y consulta previa por el mismo padecimiento (RMa=3.99 IC95% 1.63-9.77). Conclusiones. La administración de dipirona en pacientes con dengue grave se asoció con un aumento del riesgo de mortalidad. Si se considera que la dipirona fue retirada del mercado en 20 países por sus efectos secundarios, se puede desaconsejar su uso en el manejo del dengue
Study findings provided indirect evidence of difficulty in obtaining information regarding health systems at both municipal and departmental levels; this represents an important obstacle for health system management and evaluating performance, as well as for research and widening knowledge (and availability to such knowledge) in this area.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.