Para o sucesso das hibridações controladas, é importante que o pólen a ser utilizado tenha boa viabilidade (> 30%). Os métodos para testá-la podem ser classificados em quatro tipos: 1- uso de corantes; 2-germinação in vitro; 3- germinação in vivo; 4- porcentagem de frutificação efetiva, obtida com a utilização do pólen em teste. No presente trabalho, realizado em agosto de 2004, fez-se uma comparação entre os três primeiros métodos citados acima, utilizando-se de amostras de pólen de pessegueiro, coletadas em 2003, de cinco cultivares: Esmeralda, Eldorado, Granada, Maciel e Vanguarda. O meio de cultura utilizado para a germinação in vitro foi constituído de 10g de açúcar cristal e 1g de ágar para 100ml de água destilada. Para a germinação in vivo foram emasculadas e polinizadas, em laboratório, flores de ramos coletados no campo e mantidos em frascos com água. Seguiu-se a metodologia utilizada em microscópio de rotina, com corante diferencial a fim de observar os tubos polínicos no estigma ou pistilo. No método de coloração, foi utilizado carmim como corante. Os resultados da análise de variância mostraram que as diferenças entre cultivares, entre métodos e a interação cultivar e método foram altamente significativas. O método de coloração, usando carmin propiônico como corante, foi significativamente superior à germinação in vivo, em todas as cultivares testadas. A germinação in vitro propiciou resultado estatisticamente igual à germinação in vivo, com exceção das cultivares Esmeralda e Granada, nas quais a germinação in vitro foi superior. Entretanto, a maior diferença entre os dois métodos foi de 10,03% na cultivar Esmeralda que, embora estatisticamente significativa, na prática, seria aceitável em testes de rotina. Concluiu-se que o teste in vitro é representativo da situação in vivo, enquanto o método de coloração superestimou a porcentagem de pólen viável.

The peach breeding program of the Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (Embrapa), addressing the adaptation to mild winter conditions, is one of the largest in the world and maintains a germplasm collection of nearly 900 accessions. The objective was to estimate the genetic progress in fruit weight (FW) and fruit development period (FDP) resulting from the above program, by analyzing data records of 16 years (2000-2015) of 65 genotypes. Based on samples of ≥ 10 fruits, the mean annual FW (in g) and FDP (in number of days) from full flowering to harvest were determined. In the 16 years, the gain in FDP consisted of respective reductions of about-12.8,-3.3,-2.8 days for canning peach, fresh peach and nectarine. However, the genetic progress in fruit weight was 5.3, 1.4 and-17.9 g fruit-1 for canning peach, fresh peach and nectarine, respectively.

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<p><strong>Background</strong>: In terms of breeding perennial plants, the Embrapa's blackberry breeding program is relatively recent. It started between the end of the 1970s and beginning of the 1980s with a very limited number of cultivars plus a fairly good number of seeds from hybridizations made at the University of Arkansas, USA. <strong>Objective</strong>:<strong> </strong>this paper aim to present, in a summarized way, the current stage and recent achievements regarding the top priorities of the breeding program   <strong>Methodology: </strong>Controlled hybridizations is the main method used and adaptation to mild winters conditions besides a higher ratio (sugar/acid contents) are among the main objectives. <strong>Results: </strong>Other objectives include high productivity, large size and firm fruits, good post-harvest conservation, erect, thornless canes and harvest period at different time of ‘Tupy,’ the most important one, in Brazil. <strong>Implications:</strong> It is believed that in the coming years, the Brazilian market will learn to like fresh blackberry, mainly considering the release of ‘BRS Cainguá’ and others that hopefully will follow. <strong>Conclusion: </strong>The present status of the program and achievements related to the main goals are discussed. Advanced selections with potential to become a future cultivar are briefly described, emphasizing next probable releases.</p>

The annual yield of kernels in a population of macadamia (Macadamia integrifolia MAIDEN and BETCHE) were assessed with the aims of identifying the best genotypes relative to this trait to establish a base population for breeding program and focusing in the macadamia crop yield increase. Kernel production from 46 plants of 23 genotypes at different ages was analyzed using mixed models with REML/BLUP methodology by WOMBAT software. Age of the plant has direct and significant association with the production during the juvenile period. Estimated heritability was low. The genotypes IAC-920, HAES 741-MAUKA, HAES 344-KAU and AFRICANA are highlighted by different selection strategies, weighted by genotypic and/or phenotypic value. By the first criterion it was also stand out the genotypes HAES 791, GUARANI I, HAES 816, PALMEIRAS, IAC-412-B, GUARANI II, 772, DOROTHY and FLOR ROSA MG and the genotype IAC-412-B by the second criterion of selection. These results of this study demonstrate the importance of using BLUP predictors as a tool for breeding programs in this case study.

Resumo. Este trabalho baseia-se na análise estatística dos resultados obtidos no desenvolvimento analítico das equações de advecção-difusão utilizando-se a combinação da Transformada de Laplace e da técnica GILTT. Os resultados obtidos pelos modelos bidimensional estacionário e transiente e tridimensional aproximado, utilizando os dados do experimento de Copenhagen, foram analisados. As análises estatísticas realizadas mostram que o modelo propostoé eficaz para a predição da concentração de poluentes utilizando o conjunto de dados do experimento de Copenhagen.Palavras-chave. Advecção-Difusão, GILTT, Dispersão de Poluentes, Modelo Analítico, Análise Estatística IntroduçãoNesse trabalho, utiliza-se a solução analítica para a equação de advecção-difusão obtida pelo método GILTT (Generalized Integral Laplace Transform Technique) para os problemas em equações do tipo: bidimensional estacionário, bidimensional transiente e tridimensional (considerando uma Gaussiana na direção transversal). A modelagem do problema se dá na Camada Limite Planetária(CLP) queé definida como a parte da troposfera queé diretamente influenciada pela superfície terrestre e responde aos forçantes superficiais com uma escala de tempo inferior a uma hora, efetuando-se uma análise estatística dos resultados. Aplicaremos alguns conceitos estatísticos de acordo com os resultados encontrados pré conhecidos na literatura [7].

Peach is a traditional crop in the south of Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil, where 30 to 53 million cans of peaches in syrup are produced annually. All the raw material produced in the region consists of fruits originating from the peach breeding program of the Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (Embrapa Temperate Agriculture), which started even before Embrapa at the Experimental Station of Pelotas, Ministry of Agriculture. The objective was to estimate the genetic progress in phenological traits and production of canning peach resulting from the peach breeding program of Embrapa Temperate Agriculture in 53 years. We divided the data records considered in the estimation of genetic progress into two periods, 1964-1984 and 1985-2017, totaling 53 years. The following traits: maturing period, cycle, number of fruits, fruit weight, yield, and soluble solids content were evaluated. We initially tabulated data and analyzed descriptive statistics. Subsequently, we conducted analysis of mixed models and obtained the estimates of genetic progress through meta-analysis. Genetic gain for earliness, shortening the cycle from flowering to maturation, and genetic gain for fruit yield were observed.

A peach breeding program started in 1963, at the Experiment Station of Pelotas, nowadays Embrapa Clima Temperado, whose primary aim was developing cultivars adapted to mild winter conditions. Its first priority was to obtain cultivars of canning type fruits, and over the years, the fresh market cultivars acquired equal importance. This article analyzes the data of 84 fresh market cultivars, obtained in Pelotas, from 1964 to 2017, focusing on the following parameters: time of ripening, fruit development period, average fruit mass, number of fruits per tree, productivity per plant and total soluble solids. First, the data were tabulated, divided into two periods (1964-1984 and 1985-2017), and the descriptive statistical analysis was performed, followed by an analysis via mixed models and estimates of genetic progress via meta-analysis. The main results revealed a reduced fruit development period of the fresh market peaches belonging to that program. It was also observed a significant spread of the time of ripening (end of September or beginning of October until January), with a slight tendency for earliness. Genetic gain was observed for yield corresponding to 1.17 and 2.25% per year, for 1964-1984 and 1985-2017, respectively.