This methodological paper shows that using different local job accessibility models (LJA) lead to significantly different empirical appreciations of job accessibility. Matching several exhaustive micro data sources on the Paris region municipalities, we benchmark a representative set of LJA measurement models used in recent literature and an original model where i) we fully estimate job availability according to a set of individual characteristics, ii) we fully model job competition on the local labour market and iii) we control for frontier effects. We show that the model-induced empirical differences are spatially differentiated across the Paris region municipalities, and that failing to fully estimate job availability may lead to over-estimate the job accessibility levels of under-privileged municipalities.
16International audienceThis paper advocates, from a normative point of view, the use of multidimensional, capabilist-based urban indicators and shows that they can shed a new empirical light on socio-spatial differentiation in cities. First, the relevance is discussed of Amartya Sen's capability approach when assessing well-being from an urban, spatialised point of view, and a definition is proposed of a capabilist spatialised well-being indicator (CaS). After presenting the main methodological issues of its operationalisation, an example is presented of an empirical specification based on French data for the Paris region. It is shown that using CaS, instead of more traditional, income-based measures, helps to uncover interesting trends in socio-spatial differentiation in the Paris Region between 1999 and 2006. In particular, even if there was a well-being 'catching up' phenomenon between municipalities, a cluster of the least-advantaged municipalities in the Paris region seems to be drifting away in terms of well-being
Ségrégation et formes d'emploi à Paris Résumé Nous proposons une mesure multidimensionnelle de la pauvreté fondée sur l'approche par les capabilités d'A. Sen. En appliquant cet indicateur au contexte particulier de Paris élargi à sa petite couronne, nous montrons que le recours à une telle mesure de la pauvreté plutôt qu'au seul critère monétaire permet d'élargir le périmètre des zones identifiées comme très défavorisées. Par ailleurs, en étudiant l'autocorrélation et l'association spatiales de la pauvreté capabiliste avec différents marqueurs de l'accès au marché du travail (catégorie socio-professionnelle, type d'emploi occupé, accessibilité au bassin d'emploi...), nous apportons des conclusions nuancées à la question de savoir si la différenciation
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