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Summary Objectives To assess dental root development in two groups of paediatric patients who received treatments with reverse headgear and rapid maxillary expansion and slow maxillary dental arch expansion. Materials and methods The 20 subjects (13 girls, 7 boys; mean age: 8.9 ± 1.3 years) in the first group were treated with a Petit-type reverse headgear attached to a full-coverage bonded rapid maxillary expander via elastics (RME&RHg group). The 20 subjects included in the second group (9 girls, 11 boys; mean age: 9.1 ± 2.2 years) were selected among patients who were treated with Hawley appliances for slow maxillary expansion (SME group). Digitized panoramic radiographs were used. A total of 960 permanent teeth (maxillary–mandibular incisors, canines, premolars, and first molars) were measured quantitatively for pre-treatment and post-treatment. Results No significant increase was found except for the right and left maxillary and mandibular second premolars and left mandibular and first premolar in the RME&RHg group (P < 0.05). Teeth length values increased significantly in all maxillary and mandibular teeth except maxillary first molars and mandibular incisors in the SME group (P < 0.05). Inter-group comparisons showed that statistically significant differences were observed in maxillary and mandibular incisors, left maxillary first premolar, and molar teeth (P > 0.05). Limitation A limitation of this study is the use of two-dimensional radiographic images for root length measurement. However, ethical obligations limit the dental cone beam computed tomography imaging application for protection of paediatric patients from harm. Conclusions RME&RHg therapy inhibits root development of maxillary and mandibular teeth in the early period. However, further studies should be performed to determine whether this effect on root development is reversible or irreversible.

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Objective (1) To compare anxiety between parents of newborns with cleft lip and palate (CLP), isolated cleft palate (CP), and healthy newborns and (2) to evaluate anxiety between parental dyads within these groups. Design A cross-sectional study. Setting University Hospital. Participants Surveys were completed by 20 mothers and 20 fathers of newborns with CLP, 21 mothers and 21 fathers of newborns with CP, and 23 mothers and 23 fathers of healthy newborns (controls). Main Outcome Measure The State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) assessed parental anxiety. Mothers of newborns with a cleft reported on concerns regarding cleft-related issues and facial appearance. Results State and trait anxiety were generally in the moderate range for parents of newborns with a cleft, while control parents had low state anxiety and moderate trait anxiety. Mothers of newborns with CP and CLP had significantly higher state and trait anxiety levels than control mothers ( p < .05). Fathers of newborns with CLP had a higher state anxiety level than control fathers. When maternal and paternal anxiety was compared within the groups, only trait anxiety scores were significantly higher in mothers of newborns with CLP than that of fathers ( p < .05). More than half of mothers of newborns with a cleft were concerned about their newborn's feeding, speech, and palate. Conclusions Parents of children with a cleft may need psychological support in the early postnatal period. It is important for neonatal cleft team providers to help reduce parental anxiety and educate families about cleft care, with a focus on feeding.

Objective: To determine whether total or partial etching procedures influence the appearance of white spot lesions (WSLs). Materials and Methods: This split-mouth, double-blind, controlled, randomized study included 20 patients (mean age 16.75 years), who had class I malocclusion, mild crowding, and satisfactory oral hygiene. A total of 40 maxillary quadrants were randomly allocated to be treated using a total etching (TE) or partial etching (PE) protocol. Quantitative light fluorescence images were captured at the beginning and at 3 (T1) and 6 (T2) months after beginning orthodontic treatmen, as well as when the debonding phase of orthodontic treatment was complete (T3). The presence of pre- and posttreatment WSLs was assessed with quantitative light fluorescence software and analyzed with Student's t-test. Results: The analyses showed that, at T2, the total etching group had significantly higher ΔQ and A scores than the partial etching group (P &lt; .05). The ΔF scores increased significantly at all timepoints in the TE group, but only at T1 and T3 in the PE group. However, no differences were noted at T3 between the TE and PE groups (P &gt; .05). The inclusion of only right-handed people may have limited the generalizability of the findings. The absence of analyses of the plaque and gingivitis scores of patients was another limitation of this study. Conclusions: WSL formation was observed mostly in maxillary lateral incisor teeth irrespective of the etching technique. Although PE seems to be more successful in the first 6 months, no difference was observed between PE and TE in the long term for WSL formation.

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Objectives: The aim of this study was to compare the incidence root resorption and dilaceration between the patients with and without previous orthopedic treatment after the fixed orthodontic treatment. Materials and Methods: The pre- and post-treatment digitized panoramic films of 40 Class III adult patients meeting the inclusion criteria were selected from patient population of the orthodontic department. Half of the patients were treated with two-phase treatment (orthopedic therapy followed by fixed appliance treatment; Group 1), while the others wore only fixed appliances (Group 2). Root resorption was evaluated from the first molar to the first molar for each arch using the ImageJ software (Bethesda, Maryland, USA). The presence of root dilacerations was also recorded on the pre-treatment panoramic radiographs. Paired samples t-test and Mann– Whitney U-test were used to compare root length. Results: Intragroup comparisons for each tooth indicated that the upper and lower incisors, first molars and upper left second premolars presented a significant decrease in Group 1 (P < 0.05). In contrast, in Group 2, a significant decrease in tooth length was found only in the upper incisors (P < 0.05). Intergroup comparisons for root length change indicated statistically significant differences for the lower incisors, upper second premolars, and all first molars except for the upper left molars (P < 0.05). Nevertheless, the prevalence of root dilaceration in Group 1 was higher than that in Group 2. Conclusion: Class III patients who received two-phase treatments experienced more root resorption and dilaceration compared with patients who received one-phase treatments. It should be remembered that early orthopedic forces may have potential adverse effects on a dental root in the long-term.

Efficiency of Self-Dental Esthetic Satisfaction and The Willingness Status On Choosing Dentistry as ProfessionBackground: While other influencing factors are well categorized on the choice of dentistry, the effect of the-self appearance and the importance of the will are not studied adequately and categorized as an influencing factor in the literature.Methods: The structured questionnaire with 21 questions was asked to 142 dental students in Turkey. Statistical analyses were performed and the results were obtained. The questions were designed by following the factors affecting the decision of the students in choosing careers such as; willingness, economy, esthetics, past experiences with dentists, the influence of family/environment, etc.Results: Of the individuals who wanted to become a dentist from the beginning of their education, 82.5% replied as "Dentistry has always been closer and warmer" (p = 0.002; p <0.01). Also, 70,2% of respondents' were mostly influenced by economic reasons. (p = 0,034; p <0,05). 9% of the respondents replied as "I chose it because of my family/environment affected me". Almost 1/3 of the students stated that the appearance of the teeth influenced their choice of dentistry but the effect was statistically significant. Conclusion: This is the first study in the literature that reports the state of dental self-esthetics might be considered as an influencing factor in choosing dentistry. The willingness of the students' in the choice of dentistry was also highly statistically significant whereas the economical considerations were the most ranked factor among the other influencing factors in students' career plans.