In the field of our research interest, we designed new sulfa drugs–substituted norbornyl imides as prospective bioactive scaffolds by the reaction of endo‐endic anhydride with sulfa drugs followed by reductive Heck reactions of these products. Norbornenyl imides, as starting compounds, and their Heck products were achieved in good yields. Molecular characterization and stereochemistry of the compounds were investigated using Fourier transform infrared, liquid chromatography time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry, proton nuclear magnetic resonance, carbon 13 attached proton test, H‐H correlation spevtroscopy, and nuclear overhauser enhancement spectroscopy experiments. The Heck products of norbornenyl imides showed exo‐selectivity. All eight novel synthesized compounds, including two sulfa drugs–based norbornenyl imides and six exo‐5‐aryl‐ substituted norbornyl imides, as well as standard sulfonamides, were evaluated for antimicrobial activity against nine microorganisms consisting of Gram‐negative bacteria, Gram‐positive nonactinobacteria, actinobacteria, and yeast. The most active compound was 3a against actinobacteria. The efficacy of 2 and its derivatives against the studied strains were weaker than 3 and its derivatives, but all the studied samples exhibited antifungal potency.

Introduction:Acute ankle sprains have a high recurrence rate associated with the development of chronic ankle instability (CAI). Understanding contributing factors can be a useful strategy for reducing the damage. Therefore, this study investigated the relationship between the associated independent factors and chronic instability.Material and methods: Two hundred seventy-three volunteers (F/M: 175/98, mean age, 34.4 ± 13.2 years; range, 18-78) were included in this cross-sectional study. The data were collected by structured questionnaires which included two parts:(1) sociodemographic features (age, gender, height, weight, dominant side, type and duration of physical activity, having chronic medical problems (2) general health conditions (history of operation and trauma, number of painful regions, intensity, duration, of foot and ankle). Subjects are classified as having CAI with a CAIT score ≤ 27).Results: The mean CAIT score was significantly lower in females compared to males, and subjects with a BMI (Body Mass Index) ≥ 30.0 had the lowest CAIT scores for both sides (p<0.05). The total number of painful areas bilaterally, pain level, and CAIT score of the opposite ankle were determined as predictor factors of CAI (Right: R2 = 0.54, p = 0.049, p = 0.000, p = 0.030, p= 0.000; Left: R2 = 0.48, p = 0.000, p = 0.000, p=0.000, p = 0.000, respectively).Conclusions: Screening being obese and female, pain status (intensity and a total number of pain regions), and the opposite side CAIT score parameters can be a use valuable approach to prevent the secondary complications for the subjects applied primary care services after the injury.

In this study, nineteen different Streptomyces strains were isolated from oil-contaminated surface soil at Ataş Oil Terminal in Turkey. Biodegradation and Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism tests (RFLP) were used for selecting isolates. The isolates belonging to the genus Streptomyces were confirmed by 16S rDNA analysis. 1592r, 1492r, 800r, 518f, and 27f primers were chosen for the 16S rDNA gene amplifying and sequencing. Then 93-unit characters were used to determine phenotypic, physiological, and biochemical properties. All strains can degrade Tween 80, casein, gelatin, hypoxanthine, RNA, L-Tyrosine, elastin. Nevertheless, EL039, EL045, and EL060 soil isolates have better degradation potentials because of gave positive results to eleven degradation tests. According to the obtained results, EL037, EL039, EL060 could be a member of S. albogriseolus, S. rochei, S. mutabilis, respectively, and the phylogenetic tree and characterization tests indicated that especially, EL038, EL045, EL057 could be new members of Streptomyces genus. We perceive that the Streptomyces isolates would benefit biotechnological studies thanks to the degradation enzyme potentials.

No abstract

Honey; It is a sweet product created by bees by collecting plant nectar and changing its content in their bodies, then taking its final form with maturation in the honeycomb. Apis mellifera, one of the insects of the genus Apis, known as honey bees, is responsible for producing most of the honey consumed worldwide. Since the bees use various plant nectars as raw materials, the variety of honey is very high, and technically, no honey is precisely the same as the other. It can be said that the most important reason for this is that honey is obtained from different plants by being exposed to different climatic conditions. Honey is a significant functional food that people have consumed since the hunter-gatherer periods due to its nutritional content and positive effects on health. Research has shown that beekeeping has been practiced in Anatolia since the Hittites. Flower honey produced in Anzer Plateau is one of the market's most popular and expensive honey. In this study, studies on Anzer honey, the first product with a geographical indication in Rize, where important honey producers are located in Turkey, the second largest honey producer in the world, will be compiled.

Although Melica uniflora is part of the omnivore and herbivore animal diets, there are not enough studies. The aim of the study is to determine the antimicrobial and antioxidant activity also total phenolic and total flavonoid amount of ethanolic extract of M. uniflora leaves from Yenice Forest, Karabük province, Turkey. In the study, we used the disk diffusion method to evaluate the antimicrobial activity with eight bacteria and two yeast strains; DPPH free radical scavenging activity and ferric reducing antioxidant power analysis were used determine antioxidant activity. Folin-Ciocalteu method for determining the total phenolic amount and AlCl3 method for the total flavonoid content of the extract were tested. Mean diameters of inhibition zones (IZD) of the bacteria were found in the range of 19.02 mm to 26.32 mm. This value was measured as 16.43 mm and 21.38mm for yeasts. The total antioxidant activity value of the extract was calculated at 4.54 mg AAE/g. The IC50 value was calculated 18.798 mg/mL for DPPH free radical scavenging activity. The FRAP value indicated that the reducing power of 1 gram of sample was equivalent to 3.33 µmol of Trolox. The total phenolic content of ethanol extract of M. uniflora leaves was determined as 0.466 mg GAE/g, while the flavonoid content was calculated as 4.44 mgQE/g. According to the obtained results, the analyzed M. uniflora leaves ethanol extracts demonstrated that the biological activity level could be considered significant.

Toplam Kalite Yönetimi, teknolojinin ilerlemesiyle birlikte artan rekabet koşullarında, sınırsız ve birbirinden bağımsız olan müşteri ihtiyaç ve gereksinimlerini en iyi şekilde karşılayan, aynı zamanda bu işlemleri en az maliyetle yapan bir yönetim felsefesidir. İç denetim ise, işletme kaynaklarının etkin ve verimli şekilde kullanılmasına yardımcı olan, bir kuruluşun yapmış olduğu faaliyetleri geliştirmek ve yönetim faaliyetlerine değer katmak için yapılan tarafsız, bağımsız bir güvence ve danışmanlık faaliyetidir. Geçmişten günümüze kadar işletmelerin yönetim tarzlarındaki değişiklikler Toplam Kalite Yönetim sisteminin denetim kavramına bakış açısını değiştirmiştir. Denetimler dinamik bir yapıda ve sürekli yenilenerek işletmedeki tüm faaliyetlerin denetimini sağlamaktadır. Çalışmada, tarih boyunca karşılıklı etkileşim içinde olan Toplam Kalite Yönetimi (TKY) ve İç Denetim Sisteminin birbirleri ile olan etkileşimi incelenmiştir. Çalışma sonucunda; İç Denetim Sistemi ve Toplam Kalite Yönetim Sisteminin birbirlerini doğrudan ya da dolaylı şekilde etkiledikleri ve değer kattıkları bunun sonucunda da işletmelerdeki İç Denetim fonksiyonun Toplam Kalite Yönetimi uygulamalarından kaynaklanan maliyetleri düşürdüğü ve verimliliği artırdığı tespit edilmiştir.

Apis mellifera, widely farmed around the world, is the most economically important species within the genus Apis. While the microbiota of live honey bees have been extensively examined, bacteria found in deceased honey bees (which might indicate infection or opportunistic pathogens) is in contrast poorly studied. Therefore, we decided to investigate the mesophilic bacterial flora of dead honey bees. So, in September 2013, dead adult worker honey bees were collected from 12 different cities, most of which were in the border provinces of Turkey. We identified bacterial isolates at the species level by using different morphological, biochemical, physical and molecular methods, in conjunction with molecular phylogenetic analysis. We constructed phylogenetic trees for isolated bacteria with the MEGA 6.0 program and neighbor-joining trees were reconstructed based on 16S rDNA gene sequences. The phylogenetic trees indicated that isolates DE003, DE007, DE011, DE001, DE019 and DE016, DE029 could be new members of the genera Erwinia, Acidovorax, Hydrogenophaga and Bacillus genus, respectively. In the bioassay study results, we observed that DE019 Hydrogenophaga sp. (64.7%) and DE004 Klebsiella grimontii (73.3%) had lethal effects on the honey bees. The other mortalities ranged from 10% to 25% (p>0.05), and according to a One-Way ANOVA analysis DE004 and DE019 significantly affect the A. mellifera caucasia in adult worker honey bees. This study is the first report of Hydrogenophaga as honey bee pathogen.