Periodic evaluation and planning of preventive maintenance provide greater comfort, safety and durability of buildings. In educational institutions, these needs become more evident, since habitability problems can hinder the development of the teaching, research and extension process developed in university environments. The objective of this work is to evaluate probable causes of pathological manifestations and propose solutions. The study was developed in the premises of the Department of Food Engineering of the Federal University of Ceará. The methodology used in the study results from analyses of pathological manifestations observed by surveys with visual and tactile inspections. Photographic records, interviews with building users and those responsible for the conservation and maintenance of the buildings were carried out. After the inspection of the environments, corrections were proposed for the identified problems. The main pathological manifestations observed were fissures, displacement of coating, stains, infiltrations and corrosive process of external structural elements. The problems are directly associated with the lack of inspections and adequate maintenance, aggravated by the age of the buildings and the environment where they are located, since it presents itself in an area near a lagoon and with a strong incidence of weathering such as rains and winds.
Brazilian cities have undergone profound changes in soil cover by the accelerated process of urbanization in recent centuries. The growth process of the cities decreased the plant areas, which act essentially in the thermal comfort and well-being of the population, generating changes in thermal sensations. It is in this context that this article is inserted, with the objective of analyzing the Heat Index (CI), Thermal Discomfort Index (RTD), Temperature and Humidity Index (UTI) and the climatological variables that are related to human thermal comfort. This study was carried out in the city of Barbalha, located in the Metropolitan Region of Ceará. Historical data from the National Institute of Meteorology - INMET were used for the period 2016 to 2019. From the methodology of Steadman (1979) and Thom (1959) the thermal comfort indexes were calculated using excel software. The results showed that throughout the study period, high temperatures occurred in the municipality, in addition to high values of HF, RTD and UTI, characterizing the municipality as thermally uncomfortable.
The rapid and disordered urban growth generated an artificial geographic environment and low environmental health, characterized by the expansion of peripheral and central areas. The transformations in land use and occupation generate changes in the energy balance and atmosphere, resulting in the heating of cities. Therefore, the objective of this article is to analyze the Earth's Surface Temperature (TST) and relate with vegetation cover through the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) in the city of Fortaleza, Ceará. Initially, orbital images, OLI (Operational Land Imager) and TIRS10 (Thermal Infrared Sensor) of landsat-8 were obited in the United States Geological Survey (USGS) – orbit 217 and point 62. The images chosen for this study are from 02/08/2013 and 26/08/2016. It was verified the direct relationship of biomass vigor (NDVI) and urbanization with surface temperature values and urban heat islands. The environments with the lowest NDVI values, with the exception of aquatic bodies, presented higher temperature values, exposing the importance of vegetation in the microclimate.
The increasing development of cities without proper environmental and urban planning has resulted in the increase in temperature in large cities. One of the main phenomena caused by this warming are the so-called urban heat islands, which interfere with the local climate and thermal comfort. In addition to other factors, the poor distribution of green areas in the city contributes to the increase of this phenomenon. Therefore, the objective of this article is to analyze the Earth's Surface Temperature (TST) and relate with vegetation cover through the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) in the city of Vitória, ES. Initially, orbital images, OLI (Operational Land Imager) and TIRS10 (Thermal Infrared Sensor) of Landsat 8 were obited in the United States Geological Survey (USGS) – orbit 215 and point 74. The images chosen for this study are from 16/05/2013. It was verified the direct relationship of biomass vigor (NDVI) and urbanization with surface temperature values and urban heat islands in the city of Vitória. The environments with the lowest NDVI values, except for the ocean, presented higher temperature values, exposing the importance of vegetation for the urban climate.
The history of the northeastern semi-arid region is closely linked with periods of prolonged droughts and few years with heavy rains, presenting great potential to cause several negative effects to society, such as: unemployment, hunger, poverty, rural exodus, energy consumption, thermal comfort and tourism. Therefore, the rains in this region are of paramount importance for carrying out agricultural activities, environmental and urban planning, electricity generation, dimensioning of works in Sanitary and Hydraulic Engineering, management of water resources and river basin planning. Knowing the rainfall regime of a given region can corroborate the various sectors of society. This work aims to analyze the behavior of rainfall occurred in the Central-South Region of Ceará in the period from 1980 to 2009. To carry out the research, the data were made available by the Secretary of Water Resources of Ceará (SRH) from meteorological stations of the Ceará Foundation of Meteorology and Water Resources (FUNCEME) through historical series. Descriptive statistical calculations were performed using excel software, such as: mean, median, standard deviation (SD), variance, minimum value, maximum value, amplitude and coefficient of variation (CV). The results obtained show a temporal and spatial irregularity in the rainfall regime in the municipalities in question, characterized by high interannual, seasonal and intraseasonal atmospheric variability.
Influência da arborização nas variáveis climáticas em ruas com e sem asfaltamento na cidade de Barbalha-CE Influence of arborization on climate variables in streets with and without asphalting in the city of Barbalha-CE
The construction industry sector is characterized by presenting an archaic approach to the constructive practices applied at the construction site, generating unfavorable indicators in terms of quality and productivity. Thus, a greater concern arises regarding the training and qualification of the workforce, historically known for its low schooling and qualification, hindering the elaboration and application of technological innovations and the use of modern constructive techniques. The aim of this study is to analyze the profile of construction workers in the municipality of Juazeiro do Norte, seeking information related to age, marital status, city of residence, education, level of qualification, function exercised and time of operation in the sector. Regarding the methodology, we opted for the inductive method, and a field research was carried out, using a questionnaire to collect data applied in five works of medium and small construction companies installed in the city of Juazeiro do Norte - CE, with a sample of 100 workers. The results indicate that 55% of the construction workers analyzed in this study are older than 35 years, in addition to a low renewal of the staff, low level of education and their knowledge occurred empirically, besides low interest in vocational courses. It was found that 100% of the workforce is male, the predominant age group is 30 to 39 years, most are married and with children, with origin of the city itself, the level of education of the workers is still considered low, but only 8% of the workers are considered illiterate, the average time of performance is more than 10 years and 94% of them reported that they learned the constructive techniques in practice or with relatives.
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