Periodic evaluation and planning of preventive maintenance provide greater comfort, safety and durability of buildings. In educational institutions, these needs become more evident, since habitability problems can hinder the development of the teaching, research and extension process developed in university environments. The objective of this work is to evaluate probable causes of pathological manifestations and propose solutions. The study was developed in the premises of the Department of Food Engineering of the Federal University of Ceará. The methodology used in the study results from analyses of pathological manifestations observed by surveys with visual and tactile inspections. Photographic records, interviews with building users and those responsible for the conservation and maintenance of the buildings were carried out. After the inspection of the environments, corrections were proposed for the identified problems. The main pathological manifestations observed were fissures, displacement of coating, stains, infiltrations and corrosive process of external structural elements. The problems are directly associated with the lack of inspections and adequate maintenance, aggravated by the age of the buildings and the environment where they are located, since it presents itself in an area near a lagoon and with a strong incidence of weathering such as rains and winds.
Brazilian cities have undergone profound changes in soil cover by the accelerated process of urbanization in recent centuries. The growth process of the cities decreased the plant areas, which act essentially in the thermal comfort and well-being of the population, generating changes in thermal sensations. It is in this context that this article is inserted, with the objective of analyzing the Heat Index (CI), Thermal Discomfort Index (RTD), Temperature and Humidity Index (UTI) and the climatological variables that are related to human thermal comfort. This study was carried out in the city of Barbalha, located in the Metropolitan Region of Ceará. Historical data from the National Institute of Meteorology - INMET were used for the period 2016 to 2019. From the methodology of Steadman (1979) and Thom (1959) the thermal comfort indexes were calculated using excel software. The results showed that throughout the study period, high temperatures occurred in the municipality, in addition to high values of HF, RTD and UTI, characterizing the municipality as thermally uncomfortable.
The construction industry sector is characterized by presenting an archaic approach to the constructive practices applied at the construction site, generating unfavorable indicators in terms of quality and productivity. Thus, a greater concern arises regarding the training and qualification of the workforce, historically known for its low schooling and qualification, hindering the elaboration and application of technological innovations and the use of modern constructive techniques. The aim of this study is to analyze the profile of construction workers in the municipality of Juazeiro do Norte, seeking information related to age, marital status, city of residence, education, level of qualification, function exercised and time of operation in the sector. Regarding the methodology, we opted for the inductive method, and a field research was carried out, using a questionnaire to collect data applied in five works of medium and small construction companies installed in the city of Juazeiro do Norte - CE, with a sample of 100 workers. The results indicate that 55% of the construction workers analyzed in this study are older than 35 years, in addition to a low renewal of the staff, low level of education and their knowledge occurred empirically, besides low interest in vocational courses. It was found that 100% of the workforce is male, the predominant age group is 30 to 39 years, most are married and with children, with origin of the city itself, the level of education of the workers is still considered low, but only 8% of the workers are considered illiterate, the average time of performance is more than 10 years and 94% of them reported that they learned the constructive techniques in practice or with relatives.
The state of conservation and the quality of the built environment influences the health and quality of life of its users, especially in teaching environments. In order for students to develop cognitive skills, it is necessary that the building environments do not hinder the teaching-learning process, as in the occurrence of unhealthy places that present pathologies. The school chosen for this study has elementary school students aged between 4 and 6 years, with susceptibility to allergies and respiratory problems, implying the need for periodic evaluation of the conservation status of the building. Therefore, this work aims to analyze and propose solutions for the pathologies observed in the teaching unit in the municipality of Juazeiro do Norte from a methodology based on a technical report from surveys with visual inspections, tactile, plaster seal tests and evaluation of the thickness of the cracks. In view of the data obtained, the main pathologies, their possible causes, were identify. Solutions were subsequently proposed and the existing level of risk identified. It was evidence that the main pathological manifestations were observe in the walls, floors and facades, with emphasis on the cracks, in addition to displacement of coating, stains and infiltrations.
Climate study is essential for understanding and monitoring atmospheric activities, such as climate change. The climate of a region undergoes several changes due to natural or anthropic factors, especially El Niño - Southern Oscillation, an anomaly that can cause financial damage in agricultural production, floods and severe droughts. Climatology and Meteorology stand out in the study of historical rainfall and climatic phenomena, which corroborate the control and understanding of atmospheric activities that influence the rains of the Northeast. In this sense, the present work aims to analyze the behavior of rainfall in the Metropolitan Region of Cariri and to relate the behavior of rainfall with the years of influence of the climatic phenomenon El Niño-Southern Oscillation, in the period from 1980 to 2019, focusing on the identification of the driest periods of the rainfall regime and the years of intense rains. For this study, the data were made available by the Ceará Meteorological and Water Resources Foundation through the historical series. Data tabulation and organization, as well as statistical calculations, used excel software. It was possible to identify the variability and irregularities in the rains of the Region and the influence of El Niño, intervening in the rains of the studied region.
The use of games and simulations is an alternative method of teaching that can make learning more effective through the relationship between knowledge and practice, without the risks of failure of real situations. Games and simulations can also be used as training aid instruments in order to form the necessary skills where current knowledge is not sufficient. In this sense, this work aims to discuss the use of the Lego System game® for the teaching of the balance line technique for engineering students, used in the discipline of planning and costs of the postgraduate course in civil engineering at the Federal University of Ceará. For this purpose, a simulation of planning the construction of houses with games was carried out: it consisted of the construction of a set of four houses. Concepts such as service scheduling with intense planning phase, pallet system for materials, durations of activities, organization of the shop floor (layout of the construction site), standardization of services, use of transport kambans and production were used. It was found that the use of games for teaching work programming with balance line facilitates the understanding of theoretical concepts and their practical application.
Os pavimentos são definidos como estruturas de múltiplas camadas, construídas sobre a superfície final de terraplenagem, a fim de resistir aos esforços aplicados pelo tráfego e clima, garantindo conforto, economia e segurança aos usuários. Podem ser classificados em pavimentos rígidos (concreto) e flexíveis (asfálticos). Dentre os revestimentos asfálticos utilizados destaca-se o Tratamento Superficial (TS), de pequena espessura e custo reduzido, constituído pelo espalhamento de ligante betuminoso e agregado mineral, com posterior compactação. No Estado do Ceará, nordeste brasileiro, representa cerca de 61% da malha rodoviária pavimentada estadual. Apesar de sua grande utilização, não existem métodos atuais de dosagem ou processo para avaliação de desempenho em laboratório, o que pode acarretar no surgimento de vários tipos de defeitos nas rodovias. O presente trabalho busca avaliar o desempenho do TS em laboratorio através do desgaste sofrido pelos corpos de prova submetidos ao ensaio Wet Track Abrasion Test (WTAT), equipamento utilizado para dosagem de microrrevestimento asfáltico e adaptado neste trabalho para avaliação do TS. Espera-se, à luz dos resultados obtidos, classificar as melhores dosagens de agregados e ligantes. Por fim, espera-se ainda comprovar a eficácia do ensaio WTAT, que pode ser uma ótima ferramenta para avaliação dos tratamentos superficiais, além de ser um equipamento de baixo custo, podendo ser adquirido pela maioria dos laboratórios. Palavras-chave: revestimentos asfálticos; desempenho; WTAT.
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