The rapid and disordered urban growth generated an artificial geographic environment and low environmental health, characterized by the expansion of peripheral and central areas. The transformations in land use and occupation generate changes in the energy balance and atmosphere, resulting in the heating of cities. Therefore, the objective of this article is to analyze the Earth's Surface Temperature (TST) and relate with vegetation cover through the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) in the city of Fortaleza, Ceará. Initially, orbital images, OLI (Operational Land Imager) and TIRS10 (Thermal Infrared Sensor) of landsat-8 were obited in the United States Geological Survey (USGS) – orbit 217 and point 62. The images chosen for this study are from 02/08/2013 and 26/08/2016. It was verified the direct relationship of biomass vigor (NDVI) and urbanization with surface temperature values and urban heat islands. The environments with the lowest NDVI values, with the exception of aquatic bodies, presented higher temperature values, exposing the importance of vegetation in the microclimate.

The increasing development of cities without proper environmental and urban planning has resulted in the increase in temperature in large cities. One of the main phenomena caused by this warming are the so-called urban heat islands, which interfere with the local climate and thermal comfort. In addition to other factors, the poor distribution of green areas in the city contributes to the increase of this phenomenon. Therefore, the objective of this article is to analyze the Earth's Surface Temperature (TST) and relate with vegetation cover through the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) in the city of Vitória, ES. Initially, orbital images, OLI (Operational Land Imager) and TIRS10 (Thermal Infrared Sensor) of Landsat 8 were obited in the United States Geological Survey (USGS) – orbit 215 and point 74. The images chosen for this study are from 16/05/2013. It was verified the direct relationship of biomass vigor (NDVI) and urbanization with surface temperature values and urban heat islands in the city of Vitória. The environments with the lowest NDVI values, except for the ocean, presented higher temperature values, exposing the importance of vegetation for the urban climate.

The present research aims to analyze the historical synopsis of the penalty, its theories, as well as offer notes regarding the prison and the reality of the Brazilian prison system. In this perspective, this article, through exploratory research, of qualitative nature, deductive method, collection of bibliographic-documental data, proceeded in order to carry out an analysis about the critical situation of Brazilian prisons, marked by overcrowding and constant violations of Human Rights, as well as the lack of minimum conditions for serving the sentence in a dignified manner, often making it impossible for the prisoner to re-socialize. It should also be noted that there is an alarming mark in the recidivism rates, characterizing a profound bankruptcy of the prison and penal system, considering that the results are the increasing increase in violence, crime and the feeling of insecurity experienced by the whole society that, although it has witnessed a significant evolution, it still experiences problems in the social environment. Under this bias, it appears that criminal organizations, in addition to being located in more vulnerable locations within a society, also install themselves within the prison system, promoting riots and rebellions, thus causing major crises, which must be managed by the very prison system. In this sense, the importance of carrying out the study of Crisis Management is evidenced, being necessary, as in any other branch of scientific knowledge, the establishment of certain basic principles and definitions for greater doctrinal uniformity.

The history of the northeastern semi-arid region is closely linked with periods of prolonged droughts and few years with heavy rains, presenting great potential to cause several negative effects to society, such as: unemployment, hunger, poverty, rural exodus, energy consumption, thermal comfort and tourism. Therefore, the rains in this region are of paramount importance for carrying out agricultural activities, environmental and urban planning, electricity generation, dimensioning of works in Sanitary and Hydraulic Engineering, management of water resources and river basin planning. Knowing the rainfall regime of a given region can corroborate the various sectors of society. This work aims to analyze the behavior of rainfall occurred in the Central-South Region of Ceará in the period from 1980 to 2009. To carry out the research, the data were made available by the Secretary of Water Resources of Ceará (SRH) from meteorological stations of the Ceará Foundation of Meteorology and Water Resources (FUNCEME) through historical series. Descriptive statistical calculations were performed using excel software, such as: mean, median, standard deviation (SD), variance, minimum value, maximum value, amplitude and coefficient of variation (CV). The results obtained show a temporal and spatial irregularity in the rainfall regime in the municipalities in question, characterized by high interannual, seasonal and intraseasonal atmospheric variability.

The research was carried out aiming to verify the effect of rock powder and bovine manure as natural sources for fertilization and nutrition of the pepper culture (Capsicum annuum L. cv. All Big). The experiment was carried out in the seedling nursery of the Federal Institute of Education Science and Technology of Paraíba - IFPB, Campus Sousa, São Gonçalo Unit during the period from September 2014 to August 2015. The experimental design used was in randomized blocks (DBC ) with 10 treatments and 4 repetitions, totaling 40 experimental units. The treatments were as follows: T1 = control (soil), T2 = soil + manure + rock powder (1: 1: 1); T3 = Soil + Dung + Rock Dust (2: 1: 1); T4 = Soil + Dung + Rock Dust (2: 2: 1); T5 = Soil + Dung + Rock Dust (2: 2: 2); T6 = Soil + Dung + Rock Dust (3: 1: 1); T7 = Soil + Dung + Rock Dust (3: 2: 1); T8 = Soil + Dung + Rock Dust (3: 2: 2); T9 = Soil + Dung + Rock Dust (3: 3: 2); and T10 = Soil + Dung + Rock Dust (3: 3: 3). Plant height, fresh shoot weight, fresh root weight, dry shoot weight, dry root weight, fruit length, fruit diameter, fresh fruit weight, dry fruit weight, total production and commercial production. The treatments tested significantly influenced the variables: dry and fresh root material, fresh and dry aerial part, fruit length (second harvest) and dry fruit mass (second harvest). The association of rock powder with bovine manure, natural by-products, rich in nutrients essential to the development and production of plants, presents itself as a potential alternative for use in agriculture. The T8 treatment provided greater commercial production with fruits in the commercial standard.