With the goal of developing and characterizing the nutritional and sensory aspects of fresh pasta supplemented with tilapia protein concentrate, four types of pasta were prepared, with inclusion of 0, 10, 20, or 30% of tilapia protein concentrate. Linear effects were observed (P < 0.01) in crude protein, total lipids, ash, carbohydrate, and caloric values; these parameters increased with increasing amounts of tilapia protein concentrate in the pasta. The concentration of Na, P, Ca, Mg, and Zn increased linearly (P < 0.01) in correlation with the increase in protein concentrate content, while Fe content decreased linearly (P < 0.01). In the sensory analysis, texture, overall impression, and the acceptance index demonstrated a cubic regression (P < 0.05), with the inclusion of 20% protein concentrate yielding the best scores. Including up to 30% of tilapia protein concentrate in pasta yields an increased nutritional value, but based on the sensory results, 20% of tilapia protein concentrate in pasta is the recommended maximum level.

Tilapia, salmon, tuna and sardine meals were prepared to develop and analyze extruded snacks with residue meal from fish processing. Residue meals were included in five types of corn snacks: control (0% fish meal) and four with 9% tilapia, salmon, tuna and sardine meals. Although moisture, lipids and carbohydrates rates did not differ among the snacks, protein rates increased with the increment of fish meal, reaching 11.85% in the tuna snack. Tuna and sardine snacks had the highest iron levels. The most abundant fatty acids were linoleic, oleic, palmitic, linolenic and stearic acids, with sardine, salmon and tuna snacks presenting the highest values of n-3 series fatty acids. Greater luminosity rate was reported for salmon snack, followed by tilapia, tuna and sardine snacks. The highest sensory acceptance index was verified in tilapia (78.07%) and salmon (72.40%). A 9% addition of residue meals of tilapia, salmon and tuna improved the nutritional value of the snacks.

ABSTRACT. This study aimed to elaborate and characterize meals containing waste from processing of tilapia, tuna, salmon and sardine for human consumption. Carcasses of tilapia and salmon, tuna torsos without fins and sardine tails were cooked, pressed, milled and dehydrated, resulting in waste meal. Greater protein (83.28%) and lower mineral matter (5.31%) were observed in tuna meal. Salmon meal presented greater content of lipids (18.81%) and sardine meal, lower content (3.98%). Tilapia meal presented greater mineral matter (37.66%), calcium (9.37%) and phosphorus (6.08%). Higher content of iron was observed in sardine and tuna meals. Higher amounts of fatty acids from n-3 series were found in salmon (53.71 g kg ). Concerning amino acids, glutamic acid showed greater proportion in all meals, followed by lysine, leucine, glycine and aspartic acid. All meals presented high biological and nutritional values and are regarded as important sources of calcium, phosphorus and iron.Keywords: waste reuse, Nile tilapia, salmon, tuna, sardine.Elaboração de farinhas de resíduos do beneficiamento de peixes para alimentação humana RESUMO. Este estudo objetivou elaborar e caracterizar farinhas de resíduos do beneficiamento da tilápia, atum, salmão e sardinha para consumo humano. Carcaças de tilápia e salmão, troncos de atum sem nadadeiras e caudas de sardinha foram cozidas, prensadas, moídas e desidratadas, resultando nas farinhas. Maior proteína (83,28%) e menor matéria mineral (5,31%) foram observados na farinha de atum. Farinha de salmão apresentou maior teor de lipídeos (18,81%) e a de sardinha, menor teor (3,98%). Farinha de tilápia apresentou maior matéria mineral (37,66%), cálcio (9,37%) e fósforo (6,08%). Observou-se maior teor de ferro nas farinhas de sardinha e atum (121,95 e 106,38 mg kg ). No perfil de aminoácidos, o ácido glutâmico apareceu em maior proporção em todas as farinhas, seguido pela lisina, leucina, glicina e ácido aspártico. Todas as farinhas apresentaram alto valor biológico e nutricional, sendo boa fonte de cálcio, fósforo e ferro.Palavras-chave: aproveitamento de resíduos, tilápia-do-Nilo, salmão, atum, sardinha.

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Current assay aims at the preparation of onion biscuits with the inclusion of different levels of aromatized fishmeal from the carcasses of the Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) to assess their chemical composition and analyze their sensorial and microbiological features. Carcasses (spine with ribs and adhering meat after filleting) were washed and immersed in brine 20% (2:1 -brine volume /weight) with a mixture of 50 g of dehydrated rosemary, marjoram, sage, oregano, chives and parsley. The carcasses were drained, smoked, pressed, ground, dehydrated and ground for the second time. The onion biscuits included 0%, 10%, 20% and 30% fishmeal. There was a positive linear effect for protein, ashes and minerals, but no significant difference for humidity and lipids. A negative linear effect occurred with carbohydrates, with a decrease from 53.75% to 40.56%, similar to calorie rates (from 386.30 to 356.05 kcal/100 g). There was no significant difference for sensorial attributes and purchase intention. Scores ranged between 5.08 and 7.14 for aroma, taste, texture and color (scale 1-9) and between 2.70 and 3.28 for buying intention (scale 1-5). Results show that the product lay within microbiological standards required by Brazilian sanitary law. It is concluded that owing to the sensorial analysis, up to 30% of aromatized fish meal may be included, with an increase in the rates of protein and minerals coupled to the reduction of carbohydrate and calorie rates. RESUMOO objetivo deste trabalho foi elaborar palitos de cebola com a inclusão de diferentes níveis de farinha aromatizada a partir de carcaças de tilápia-do-nilo (Oreochromis niloticus) para avaliar a composição química, análise sensorial e microbiológica. As carcaças (espinhaço com as costelas e carne remanescente da filetagem) foram lavadas e imersas em salmoura a 20% (2:1 -volume da salmoura/peso) com uma mistura de 50 g de alecrim desidratado, manjerona, sálvia, orégano, cebolinha e salsa. Após, foram drenadas, submetidas à defumação, prensagem, moagem, desidratação e nova moagem. Foi incluído 0%, 10%, 20% e 30% de farinha de peixe na elaboração dos palitos. Houve efeito linear positivo para proteína, cinzas e minerais, mas não houve diferença significativa para umidade e lipídeos. Para carboidratos houve efeito linear negativo, reduzindo de 53,75% para 40,56%; o mesmo efeito ocorreu para valor calórico (386,30 a 356,05 kcal/100 g). Também não houve diferença significativa para os atributos sensoriais e intenção de compra. As notas variaram de 5,08 a 7,14 para os atributos aroma, odor, textura e cor (escala de 1 a 9), e de 2,70 a 3,28 para intenção de compra (escala de 1 a 5). Análise microbiológica mostrou que o produto estava dentro dos padrões microbiológicos exigidos pela legislação brasileira. Conclui-se que, em função das notas obtidas na análise sensorial, pode ser incluído até 30% da farinha aromatizada nos palitos de cebola, com acréscimo no teor de proteína, minerais e redução nos carboidratos e valor calórico.Palavras chave: análise senso...

Brycon orbignyanus, popularly known in Brazil as piracanjuba, is a fish with great economic value but whose natural population drastically decreased in number during the last years. In this context, genetic variability studies of natural stocks and in restocking programs are fundamental for the adoption of conservation measures. Current analysis verifies the cross-amplification of heterologous primers in B. orbignyanus. Fifty-two primers of the species Brycon opalinus, Brycon hilarii, Brycon insignis, Prochilodus sp., Piaractus mesopotamicus, Colossoma macropomum and Oreochromis niloticus were tested. Primers with the best reproducibility were applied to a sample of 20 individuals and the genetic parameters were calculated. Nine primers provided good results for cross-amplification with B. orbignyanus, involving (BoM5 and BoM13) of Brycon opalinus, (Bh5, Bh6, Bh8, Bh13 and Bh16) of Brycon hilarii, (Bc48-10) of Brycon insignis and (Par80) of Prochilodus argenteus. Primers of Piaractus mesopotamicus, Colossoma macropomum and Oreochromis niloticus failed to provide amplification or provided non-specificity. Results demonstrated the possibility of using primers of different species and genera of B. orbignyanus, facilitating genetic studies on the species.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of oxidative stress on the instrumental and sensory quality of Nile tilapia fillets. The experiment was conducted in a 2x2 factorial arrangement, evaluating densities (60 and 300 kg m-3) and depuration times (1 and 24 hours) in a total of four treatments. The serum levels of cortisol and gene expression levels of catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and 70 kDa heat shock protein (HSP70) as well as the pH, color, tenderness, water-holding capacity and sensory analysis of the fillets were evaluated. High density (300 kg m-3) resulted in higher mean cortisol levels, lower expression of CAT and GPx enzymes as well as higher expression of HSP70. Fish under this treatment also exhibited fillets with greater tenderness, higher lightness, lower redness and lower sensory acceptance. The longer depuration time (24 hours) resulted in lower expression of the CAT and GPx enzymes and fillets with higher lightness. The water-holding capacity was not affected by the different treatments. Therefore, low density and longer depuration times are recommended for decreased stress and improved quality of fillets.

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